IPAC2022 - List of Keywords (injection)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPLXGD1	The SuperKEKB Has Broken the World Record of the Luminosity	luminosity, impedance, simulation, operation	1
	Y. Funakoshi, T. Abe, K. Akai, Y. Arimoto, K. Egawa, S. Enomoto, H. Fukuma, K. Furukawa, N. Iida, H. Ikeda, T. Ishibashi, S.H. Iwabuchi, H. Kaji, T. Kamitani, T. Kawamoto, M. Kikuchi, T. Kobayashi, K. Kodama, H. Koiso, M. Masuzawa, K. Matsuoka, T. Mimashi, G. Mitsuka, F. Miyahara, T. Miyajima, T. Mori, A. Morita, S. Nakamura, T.T. Nakamura, K. Nakanishi, H.N. Nakayama, M. Nishiwaki, S. Ogasawara, K. Ohmi, Y. Ohnishi, N. Ohuchi, T. Okada, T. Oki, M.A. Rehman, Y. Seimiya, K. Shibata, Y. Suetsugu, H. Sugimoto, H. Sugimura, M. Tawada, S. Terui, M. Tobiyama, R. Ueki, X. Wang, K. Watanabe, S.I. Yoshimoto, T. Yoshimoto, D. Zhou, X. Zhou, Z.G. Zong KEK, Ibaraki, Japan A. Natochii University of Hawaii, Honolulu,, USA K. Oide CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland R.J. Yang CAEP/IAE, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China K. Yoshihara Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
	The SuperKEKB broke the world record of the luminosity in June 2020 in the Phase 3 operation. The luminosity has been increasing since then and the present highest luminosity is 4.65 x 10³⁴ cm^-2s^-1 with β_y^* of 1 mm. The increase of the luminosity was brought with an application of crab waist, by increasing beam currents and by other improvements in the specific luminosity. In this paper, we describe what we have achieved and what we are struggling with. Finally, we mention a future plan briefly.
	Slides MOPLXGD1 [6.235 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPLXGD1
About •	Received ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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MOPOST007	Summary of the First Fully Operational Run of LINAC4 at CERN	linac, MMI, operation, cavity	58
	P.K. Skowroński, G. Bellodi, B. Bielawski, R.B. Borner, G.P. Di Giovanni, E. Gousiou, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi, B. Mikulec, J. Parra-Lopez, F. Roncarolo, J.L. Sanchez Alvarez, R. Scrivens, L. Timeo, R. Wegner CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	In December 2020 the newly commissioned LINAC4 started delivering beam for the CERN proton accelerator chain, replacing the old LINAC2. LINAC4 is a 352 MHz normal conducting linac, providing a beam of negative hydrogen ions at 160 MeV that are converted into protons at injection into the PS Booster synchrotron. In this paper we report on the achieved beam performance, availability, reproducibility and other operational aspects of LINAC4 during its first fully operational year. We also present the machine developments performed and the plans for future improvements.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST007
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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MOPOST037	Characterisation of Bunch-by-Bunch Tune Shift Effects in the CERN SPS	simulation, impedance, electron, kicker	148
	I. Mases Solé, H. Bartosik, V. Kain, K. Paraschou, M. Schenk, C. Zannini CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	After the implementation of major upgrades as part of the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU), the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) delivers high intensity bunch trains with 25 ns bunch spacing to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. These beams are exposed to several collective effects in the SPS, such as beam coupling impedance, space charge and electron cloud, leading to relatively large bunch-by-bunch coherent and incoherent tune shifts. Tune correction to the nominal values at injection is crucial to ensure beam stability and good beam transmission. During the beam commissioning of the SPS, measurements of the bunch-by-bunch coherent tune shifts have been conducted under different beam conditions, together with appropriate corrections of the average tunes at each injection. In this paper, we describe the methodology that has been developed to acquire bunch-by-bunch position data and to perform online computations of the coherent tune spectra of each bunch using refined Fourier transform analysis. The experimental data are compared to multiparticle tracking simulations using the SPS impedance model, in view of developing an accurate model for tune correction in the SPS.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST037
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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MOPOST054	A Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat Lattice Design for SSRL-X	emittance, lattice, storage-ring, wiggler	207
	J. Kim, X. Huang, P. Raimondi, J.A. Safranek, M. Song, K. Tian SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	We present a lattice design for SSRL-X which is a green-field low-emittance storage ring proposal. The lattice is based on the hybrid multi-bend achromat and has natural emittance of 63 pm with 24-cells periodicity and ~570 m circumference under 3.5 GeV energy. Modification on dedicated cells which lengthens straight sections but keeps the phase advance is explored to further reduce the natural emittance by inserting damping wigglers.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST054
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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MOPOST057	Characterization of the Vertical Beam Tails in the CERN PS Booster	resonance, emittance, space-charge, scattering	218
	T. Prebibaj, F. Antoniou, F. Asvesta, H. Bartosik, C. Bracco, G.P. Di Giovanni, E. Renner CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) went through major upgrades in the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade Project (LIU) aiming to double the brightness of the LHC beams. Operation restarted in early 2021, demonstrating the expected performance improvement. The high-brightness beams, nevertheless, appear to have overpopulated tails in the vertical beam profiles, both at injection and at extraction energies. In an attempt to understand the origin and evolution of the observed tails, systematic profile measurements were performed for different machine and beam configurations using Wire Scanners (WS). The results are presented in this report and compared to simulations. The effect of the Coulomb scattering of the wire to the beam distribution is also addressed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST057
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
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MOPOST058	Studies on the Vertical Half-Integer Resonance in the CERN PS Booster	resonance, space-charge, brightness, quadrupole	222
	T. Prebibaj, F. Antoniou, F. Asvesta, H. Bartosik CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland G. Franchetti GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Following the upgrades of the LHC Injectors Upgrade Project (LIU), the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) at CERN successfully delivers beams with double brightness. An important contributing factor for this was the dynamic correction of the beta-beating induced by the injection chicane, which allowed stable operation closer to the half-integer resonance. Ideally, injection above the half-integer resonance could further improve the beam brightness. In this context, a series of studies were initiated in order to characterize the effects of space charge when crossing the half-integer resonance. In this contribution, the first results of these investigations are reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST058
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
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MOPOPT022	Beam Dynamics of the Transparent Injection for the MAX IV 1.5 GeV Ring	septum, kicker, storage-ring, multipole	284
	M. Apollonio, Å. Andersson, M. Brosi, D.K. Olsson, P.F. Tavares, A.S. Vorozhtsov MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	Following the successful operation of the Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) in the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring, we plan to introduce a similar device in the MAX IV 1.5 GeV ring. In order to assess the effectiveness of such device and to define its working parameters, we performed a series of studies aimed at understanding the beam dynamics related to the injection process. In this paper we describe the optimization of the MIK working parameters, we study the resilience to tune shifts for a chosen injection scheme and illustrate some tests conducted to evaluate the ring acceptance. We conclude with remarks about the effects of magnet errors on key performance parameters such as the injection efficiency and perturbations to the size and divergence of the stored beam and a brief discussion on future work.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT022
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
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MOPOPT023	Improved Emittance and Brightness for the MAX IV 3 GeV Storage Ring	lattice, emittance, storage-ring, brightness	288
	M. Apollonio, Å. Andersson, M. Brosi, R. Lindvall, D.K. Olsson, M. Sjöström, R. Svärd, P.F. Tavares MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	At MAX IV Laboratory, the Swedish Synchrotron Radiation (SR) facility, the largest of two rings operates at 3 GeV with a bare lattice emittance of 330 pm rad. Upgrade plans are under consideration aiming at a gradual reduction of the emittance, in three stages: a short-term with an emittance reduction of 20% to 40%, a mid-term with an emittance reduction of more than 50% and a long-term with an emittance in the range of the diffraction limit for hard X-rays (10 keV). In this paper we focus on the short-term case, resuming previous work on a proposed lattice that can reach 270 pm rad emittance, with only minor modifications to the gradients of the magnets of the present ring, i.e. without any hardware changes and all within the present power supply limits. Linear lattice characterisation and calculations of key performance parameters, such as dynamic aperture and momentum aperture with errors, are described and compared to the present operating lattice. Experimental tests of injection into this lattice are also shown.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT023
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
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MOPOPT027	Transverse and Longitudinal Profile Measurements at the KARA Booster Synchrotron	booster, synchrotron, diagnostics, microtron	304
	D. El Khechen, E. Blomley, E. Bründermann, E. Huttel, A. Mochihashi, A.-S. Müller, M.-D. Noll, R. Ruprecht, P. Schreiber, M. Schuh, J.L. Steinmann, C. Widmann KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	In the booster synchrotron of the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA), the beam is injected from the microtron at 53 MeV and ramped up to 500 MeV. Though the injected beam current from the microtron to the booster seems good, the injection efficiency into the booster is currently low due to various effects. Consequently, an upgrade of the whole beam diagnostics system is taking place in the booster, in order to improve the injection efficiency through understanding the loss mechanisms and the behavior of bunches. Among these diagnostics tools are beam loss monitors, a transverse profile monitor and a longitudinal profile monitor. In this paper, we will describe the setups used for bunch profile measurements in both transverse and longitudinal planes and report on first data analysis results.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT027
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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MOPOPT032	Improvement of Matching Circuit for J-PARC Main Ring Injection Kicker Magnet	kicker, operation, simulation, impedance	316
	T. Sugimoto, K. Ishii, S. Iwata, H. Matsumoto, T. Shibata KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	In this paper, present status of improvements of the impedance matching circuit for the J-PARC main ring injection kicker magnet to achieve 1.3MW beam operation planed after 2022 is described. In order to reduce the temperature-rise of resistors under the higher repetition rate pulse excitation, number of paralleled resistors was doubled and volume of each resistor was enlarged 2.6 times. Ceramic-made beads with diameter of 3 mm were filled in the cylinder of the resistor to increase the heat conductivity. An aluminum-made water-cooled heat sink was attached to the resistors directly and an air-cooling fan was mounted to the side of the box containing the resistors. All resistors and their support structure have been replaced in March 2022. Temperature-rise of resistors during continuous pulse excitation was measured by commercial thermo camera and compared with numerical calculations. In addition, predictions about the beam induced heating of the resistors are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT032
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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MOPOPT051	Optical Fiber Based Beam Loss Monitor for SPS Machine	radiation, beam-losses, septum, operation	374
	T. Pulampong, W. Phacheerak, P. Sudmuang, N. Suradet SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
	At the Siam Photon Source (SPS) beam loss monitors based on PIN diode have been used. The existing system allow beam loss detection very locally at the monitor position close to the vacuum chamber. For optical fiber, Cherenkov radiation can be detected when a lost particle travel in the fiber. Thus optical fiber based loss monitor with sufficient length can cover parts of the machine conveniently. Fast beam loss event can be detected with more accurate position. In this paper, the design and result of the optical fiber based beam loss monitor system at SPS machine are discussed. The system will be a prototype for the new 3 GeV machine SPS-II.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT051
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
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MOPOTK004	Status of the Soleil Upgrade Lattice Robustness Studies	lattice, MMI, simulation, optics	433
	O.R. Blanco-García INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy D. Amorim, A. Loulergue, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France M.A. Deniaud JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
	The SOLEIL synchrotron has entered its Technical Design Report (TDR) phase for the upgrade of its storage ring to a fourth generation synchrotron light source. Verification of the equipment specifications (alignment, magnets, power supplies, BPMs), and the methodology for optics corrections are critical in order to ensure the feasibility of rapid commissioning restoring full performance for daily operations. The end-to-end simulation, from beam threading in the first turns to beam storage and stacking, should be handled with a comprehensive model close to the actual commissioning procedure, taking into account all practical steps. During 2021 and 2022, the CDR lattice has undergone significant modifications in response to additional constraints. In this paper, we present an update of the robustness studies for the TDR baseline lattice.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK004
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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MOPOTK006	Off-Energy Operation for the ESRF-EBS Storage Ring	optics, SRF, sextupole, lattice	437
	L. Hoummi, T. Brochard, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, J. Chavanne, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, R. Versteegen, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France P. Raimondi SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	The ESRF-EBS is the first 4th generation source making use of the Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat (HMBA) lattice cell, reaching an equilibrium horizontal emittance of 140 pm.rad in user mode (insertion devices (ID) gaps open). The injection in the storage ring (SR) is conducted with a short booster, operated off-energy. The RF frequency is increased compared to the nominal one to put the beam on a dispersive orbit, thus going off-axis in quadrupoles. The induced dipolar feed down effects reduce the booster horizontal emittance. The same strategy is extended to the ESRF-EBS SR, for an expected emittance reduction of about 20 pm.rad. A first approach shifts the RF frequency by +300 Hz to operate at -1% energy offset. Optimal quadrupole and sextupole settings are defined for this off-energy operation based on simulations. The settings are then tested in the SR in terms of dynamic aperture and injection efficiency.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK006
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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MOPOTK007	Reverse Bend Option for a 6 GeV Storage Ring Lattice	emittance, lattice, SRF, dynamic-aperture	441
	L. Hoummi, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, F. Cianciosi, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	Several high-energy synchrotron facilities adopted the Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat scheme (HMBA) developed at and for the ESRF-EBS [LATTICE]. The considered lattice has been developed for a generic 6 GeV storage ring (SR) of 1100m circumference. It includes a short bending (SB) magnet at the center of the cell, and achieves a ∼ §I{70}{πco\metre\radian} equilibrium horizontal emittance. The optics of such SR are modified introducing reverse bending magnets to further reduce the natural horizontal emittance to §I{53}{πco\metre\radian}. The impact of such modification on dynamic aperture and lifetime is assessed and optimized.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK007
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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MOPOTK014	Optics of a Recirculating Beamline for MESA	experiment, target, optics, scattering	465
	C.P. Stoll, A. Meseck KPH, Mainz, Germany
	The Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator (MESA) is an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) facility under construction at the Johannes Gutenberg-University in Mainz. It provides the opportunity for precision physics experiments with a 1 mA c.w. electron beam in its initial phase. In this phase experiments with unpolarised, high-density 10¹⁹ atoms per cm² gas jet targets are foreseen at the Mainz Gas Internal Target Experiment (MAGIX). To allow experiments with thin polarised gas targets with sufficiently high interaction rates in a later phase, the beam current must be increased to up to 100 mA, which would pose significant challenges to the existing ERL machine. Thus, it is proposed here to use MESA in pulsed operation with a repetition rate of several kHz to fill a recirculating beamline, providing a quasi c.w. beam current to a thin gas target. The optics necessary for this recirculating beamline are presented here.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK014
About •	Received ※ 01 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
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MOPOTK017	Update of Lattice Design of the SPring-8-II Storage Ring Towards 50 pmrad	emittance, lattice, storage-ring, undulator	477
	K. Soutome JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan T. Hiraiwa, H. Tanaka RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan
	The storage ring lattice of SPring-8-II has been under optimization towards a low emittance of around 50 pmrad, which was initially set at 150 pmrad. The optimization concept is based on the effective use of extra-radiation damping from damping wigglers installed in the four long straight sections each 30 m long in length. For this purpose, we have been re-optimizing the linear and nonlinear optics so as to reduce the radiation loss from the bending magnets. In parallel, since the emittance variation due to the gap change of the IDs can be an obstacle for conducting precise experiments, we are investigating a new passive method to suppress the emittance variation without any feedback system. In the paper, we report on these details. SPring-8-II Conceptual Design Report (2014), http://rsc.riken.jp/pdf/SPring-8-II.pdf
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK017
About •	Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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MOPOTK030	Beam Optics Modelling Through Fringe Fields During Injection and Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron	extraction, focusing, proton, simulation	511
	E.P. Johnson, M.G. Atanasov, Y. Dutheil, M.A. Fraser, E. Oponowicz CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	As the beam is injected and extracted from the CERN Proton Synchrotron, it passes through the fringing magnetic fields of the main bending units (MUs). In this study, tracking simulations using field maps created from a 3D magnetic model of the MUs are compared to beam based measurements made through the fast injection and slow extraction regions. The behaviour of the fringe field is characterised and its implementation in the MAD-X model of the machine is described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK030
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022
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MOPOTK060	An Induction-Type Septum Magnet for the EIC Complex	septum, induction, electron, extraction	603
	N. Tsoupas, D. Holmes, C. Liu, I. Marneris, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, J.E. Tuozzolo BNL, Upton, New York, USA B. Bhandari Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The electron Ion Collider (eIC) project* has been approved by the Department of Energy to be built at the site of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Part of the eIC accelerator complex and more specifically the Rapid Cycling Syncrotron (RCS) which accelerates the electron beam up to 18 GeV and the electron Storage Ring (eSR) which stores the electron beam bunces for collisions with the hadrons, will be built inside the tunnel of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This paper provides information on the electromagnetic design of the septa magnets which will be employed to inject and extract the beam to and from the two synchrotrons used for the acceleration and storage of the electron beam bunches. The type of the septum is of induction type made o laminated iron and it is similar to the one described in ref.[3] The electromagnetic study is performed by the use of the transient module of the OPERA computer code. https://ww.bnl.gov/eic/ A. Zhuravlev, et al. PIPAC2013, Shanghai, China * https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/opera/
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK060
About •	Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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TUOZGD2	A Compact Synchrotron for Advanced Cancer Therapy with Helium and Proton Beams	synchrotron, proton, extraction, dipole	811
	M. Vretenar, M.E. Angoletta, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, L. Bottura, K. Paļskis, R.L. Taylor, G. Tranquille CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Benedetto SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland G. Bisoffi INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy M. Sapinski PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Recent years have seen an increased interest in the use of helium for radiation therapy of cancer. Helium ions can be more precisely delivered to the tumour than protons or carbon ions, presently the only beams licensed for treatment, with a biological effectiveness between the two. The accelerator required for helium is considerably smaller than a standard carbon ion synchrotron. To exploit the potential of helium therapy and of other emerging particle therapy techniques, in the framework of the Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS) at CERN the design of a compact synchrotron optimised for acceleration of proton and helium beams has been investigated. The synchrotron is based on a new magnet design, profits from a novel injector linac, and can provide both slow and fast extraction for conventional and FLASH therapy. Production of mini-beams, and operation with multiple ions for imaging and treatment are also considered. This accelerator is intended to become the main element of a facility devoted to a programme of cancer research and treatment with proton and helium beams, to both cure patients and contribute to the assessment of helium beams as a new tool to fight cancer.
	Slides TUOZGD2 [1.940 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOZGD2
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022
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TUPOST001	Parasitic Optimization of the Transfer Beamline Efficiency at ELSA	target, electron, synchrotron, controls	835
	S. Witt, K. Desch, D. Elsner, D. Proft ELSA, Bonn, Germany
	The 3.2 GeV electron accelerator ELSA in Bonn consists of three acceleration stages each interconnected by tunable transfer beamlines. The steering of the electron beam through the transfer line from linear accelerator to the Booster Synchrotron is currently adjusted by hand, which limits a systematic improvement of the transfer efficiency. An automated optimization using the ‘‘simulated annealing’’ technique has been developed and integrated into the control system to improve the situation. It allows for a continuous optimization without interfering with usual beamtime for experiments by utilizing the 6s off-time in between injections into the stretcher ring. In a simulation using the actual accelerator’s settings as starting parameters, transmission rates have been increased significantly. The methods and results with the accelerator hardware are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST001
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUPOST006	Frequency-Dependent RF Voltage Calibration Using Longitudinal Tomography in the CERN PSB	cavity, synchrotron, extraction, flattop	845
	D. Quartullo, S.C.P. Albright, H. Damerau CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Longitudinal phase-space tomography reconstructs the phase-space distribution from a set of bunch profiles and the accelerator parameters, which includes the RF voltage. The quality of the reconstruction depends on the accuracy to which these parameters are known. Therefore, it can be used for beam-based RF voltage calibration by analysing oscillations of a mismatched bunch. The actual RF voltage may be different from the programmed one due to uncertainties of the electrical gap voltage measurements and intensity effects. Tomography-based RF voltage calibration was systematically performed with low-intensity bunches in all four rings of the PS Booster (PSB) at injection and extraction energy. For each of the three RF cavities present in a given ring, the calibration was performed separately to extract the voltage errors while avoiding any influence of phase misalignments. The number of synchrotron oscillation periods available for the voltage calibration was constrained by the short duration of the PSB flat-bottom and top. Longitudinal beam dynamics simulations using the full PSB impedance model were performed to benchmark the results provided by the calibrations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST006
About •	Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022
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TUPOST007	New Generation of Very Low Noise Beam Position Measurement System for the LHC Transverse Feedback	pick-up, feedback, controls, operation	849
	D. Valuch CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland V. Stopjakova Slovak University of Technology (STU), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
	Recent studies showed that the transverse feedback system noise floor in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) must be reduced by at least factor of two in order to operate the machine with large beam-beam tune shift as foreseen in the High Luminosity (HL) LHC. Also, the future feedback system foreseen to suppress the LHC Crab Cavity noise relies on improved noise performance of the beam position measurement system. An upgrade program was launched to lower the LHC transverse feedback system noise floor during the LHC Long Shutdown II. A new generation, very low noise beam position measurement module was developed and tested with beam. Innovative methods in the RF receiver, digital signal processing, thorough optimization of every element in the signal chain from pickup to the kickers allowed to achieve a significant reduction of the system noise floor. This unprecedented noise performance opens also new possibilities for auxiliary instruments, using the position data from the transverse feedback. The paper presents the new system, notable implementation details and measured performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST007
About •	Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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TUPOST022	The CERN SPS Low Level RF: Lead Ions Acceleration	cavity, acceleration, LLRF, controls	899
	P. Baudrenghien, J. Egli, G. Hagmann, A. Spierer, T. Włostowski CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	This paper is the third of a series of three on the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF). Its focus is the upgrade concerned with the acceleration of Lead ions for injection into the LHC. Lead ions are far from relativistic at injection into the SPS. Therefore, the classic acceleration scheme at constant harmonic number (h=4620) does not work as the RF frequency swing does not fit within the cavity bandwidth. Fixed Frequency Acceleration (FFA) is therefore used. The upgraded LLRF uses a completely new implementation of the FFA, based on a Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO) implemented as an FPGA IP in the Controller of each cavity. In addition, the 2022 scheme for LHC ions filling calls for slip stacking of two families of bunches, 100 ns spacing, to generate a 50 ns spacing after interleaving. The paper presents the key components for FFA and ions slip stacking as implemented in the new system, together with successful first tests performed in Autumn 2021.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST022
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
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TUPOST031	Online Optimization of the Transfer Line from UNILAC towards SIS18 at GSI Using a Genetic Autotune Algorithm	simulation, experiment, lattice, controls	922
	S. Reimann GSI, Darmstadt, Germany S. Reimann IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Due to the complexity of GSI’s accelerator facilities and it’s upcoming expansion FAIR, various methods for optimizing accelerator settings are currently being studied to increase efficiency and to minimize the need for manual intervention. Besides a necessary improvement of the accelerator models, a better reproducibility of settings and the development of feedback systems, also heuristic methods are in the focus of the investigation. This work presents the results, recently achieved in optimizing the transfer line from UNILAC to SIS18 using the Autotune algorithm.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST031
About •	Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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TUPOST032	SLS 2.0, the Upgrade of the Swiss Light Source	emittance, lattice, storage-ring, quadrupole	925
	A. Streun PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The Swiss Light Source (SLS) will be upgraded by replacing the storage ring in the existing hall in 2023–24. The SLS lattice build from 12~triple-bend arcs operating at 2.4 GeV is replaced by a 12x7-BA lattice operating at 2.7 GeV to increase hard X-ray brightness by a factor 60. The layout is constrained by the existing tunnel to 288 m circumference, nevertheless a low emittance of 158 pm is realized using longitudinal gradient and reverse bends. Dynamic aperture is sufficient to start with classical injection based on a 4-kicker bump. An upgrade path for on-axis injection with fast kickers has been implemented. Small beam pipes of 18 mm inner diameter and corresponding reduction of magnet bores, and the use of permanent magnets for all bending magnets enables a densely packed lattice and contributes most to a reduction of total power consumption of the facility by 30%. On behalf of the SLS 2.0 Team. Technical Design Report: https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/psi/islandora/object/psi%3A39635
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST032
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
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TUPOST037	Reconstruction of Transverse Phase Space From Transverse Feedback Data for Real Time Extraction of Vital LHC Machine Parameters	feedback, pick-up, real-time, betatron	937
	G. Kotzian, M.E. Soderen, P.S. Solvang, D. Valuch CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland V. Stopjakova Slovak University of Technology (STU), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
	The LHC transverse feedback system (ADT) provides bunch by bunch, turn by turn, normalized and digitized beam position signals from four pick-ups per plane and for each beam. Together with already existing powerful computer-based observation systems, this data can be used to reconstruct in real-time the transverse phase space coordinates of the centre-of-charges, for each individual bunch. Such information is extremely valuable for machine operation, or transverse instability diagnostics. This paper aims on discussing and evaluating methods of combining four position signals for such analysis in the presence of noise and with active transverse feedback. Comparisons are made based on the extraction of vital parameters like the fractional tune or transverse activity. Analytical and numerical results are further benchmarked against real beam data.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST037
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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TUPOST040	Automated Intensity Optimisation Using Reinforcement Learning at LEIR	linac, target, operation, electron	941
	N. Madysa, R. Alemany-Fernández, N. Biancacci, B. Goddard, V. Kain, F.M. Velotti CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	High intensities in the CERN Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) are achieved by stacking up to seven consecutive multi-turn injections from Linac3. Two inclined septa combined with a collapsing horizontal orbit bump allow a 6-D phase space painting via a linearly ramped mean momentum along the Linac3 pulse and injection at high dispersion. The beam is cooled and dragged longitudinally via electron cooling (e-cooling) into a stacking momentum. For optimal accumulation, the electron energy and trajectory need to match the ion energy and orbit at the e-cooler section. In this paper, a reinforcement learning (RL) agent is trained to adjust various e-cooler and Linac3 parameters to maximise the intensity at the end of the injection plateau. Variational Auto-Encoders (VAE) are used to compress longitudinal Schottky spectra into a compact representation as input for the RL agent. The RL agent is pre-trained on a surrogate model of the LEIR e-cooling dynamics, which in turn is learned from the data collected for the training of the VAE. The performance of the VAE, the surrogate model, and the RL agent is investigated in this paper. An overview of planned tests in the upcoming LEIR runs is given.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST040
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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TUPOST044	Fortune Telling or Physics Prediction? Deep Learning for On-Line Kicker Temperature Forecasting	kicker, operation, simulation, network	957
	F.M. Velotti, M.J. Barnes, B. Goddard, I. Revuelta CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The injection kicker system MKP of the Super Proton Synchrotron SPS at CERN is composed of 4 kicker tanks. The MKP-L tank provides additional kick needed to inject 26 GeV Large Hadron Collider LHC 25 ns type beams. This device has been a limiting factor for operation with high intensity, due to the magnet’s broadband beam coupling impedance and consequent beam induced heating. To optimise the usage of the SPS and avoid idle (kicker cooling) time, studies were conducted to develop a recurrent deep learning model that could predict the measured temperature evolution of the MKP-L, using the beam conditions and temperature history as input. In a second stage, the ferrite temperature is also estimated putting together the external temperature predictions from accurate thermo-mechanical simulations of the kicker magnet. In this paper, the methodology is described and details of the neural network architecture used, together with the implementation of an ad-hoc loss function, are given. The results applied to the SPS 2021 operational data are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST044
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022
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TUPOPT057	Using Surrogate Models to Assist Accelerator Tuning at ISIS	simulation, synchrotron, controls, operation	1133
	A.A. Saoulis, K.R.L. Baker, H.V. Cavanagh, R.E. Williamson STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom S. Basak, J. Cha, J. Thiyagalingam STFC/RAL/SCD, Didcot, United Kingdom
	Funding: STFC and UKRI High intensity hadron accelerator performance is often dominated by the need to minimise and control beam losses. Operator efforts to tune the machine during live operation are often restricted to local parameter space searches, while existing physics-based simulations are generally too computationally expensive to aid tuning in real-time. To this end, Machine Learning-based surrogate models can be trained on data produced by physics-based simulations, and serve to produce fast, accurate predictions of key beam properties, such as beam phase and bunch shape over time. These models can be used as a virtual diagnostic tool to explore the parameter space of the accelerator in real-time, without making changes on the live machine. At the ISIS Neutron and Muon source, major beam losses in the synchrotron are caused by injection and longitudinal trapping processes, as well as high intensity effects. This paper describes the training and inference performance of a neural network surrogate model of the longitudinal beam dynamics in the ISIS synchrotron, from injection at 70 MeV to 800 MeV extraction, and evaluates the model’s ability to assist accelerator tuning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT057
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
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TUPOPT064	Online Optimization of NSLS-II Dynamic Aperture and Injection Transient	kicker, timing, sextupole, lattice	1159
	X. Yang, B. Bacha, S. Buda, C. Danneil, A.A. Derbenev, D.J. Durfee, K. Ha, Y. Hidaka, Y. Hu, Y. Li, D. Padrazo Jr, F. Plassard, T.V. Shaftan, V.V. Smaluk, Y. Tian, G.M. Wang, L.H. Yu BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	The goal of the NSLS-II online optimization project is to improve the beam quality for the user experiments. To increase the beam lifetime and injection efficiency, we have developed a model-independent online optimization of nonlinear beam dynamics using advanced algorithms, such as Robust Conjugate-Gradient Algorithm (RCDS). The optimization objective is the injection efficiency and optimization variables are the sextupole magnet strengths. Using the online optimization technique, we increased the NSLS-II dynamic aperture and reduced the amplitude-dependent tune shift. Recently, the sextupole optimization was successfully applied to double the injection efficiency up to above 90% for the high-chromaticity lattice being developed to improve the beam stability and to in-crease the single-bunch beam intensity. Minimizing the beam perturbation during injection is the second objective in this project, realized by online optimization of the injection kickers. To optimize the full set of kicker parameters, including the trigger timing, amplitude, and pulse width, we upgraded all kicker power supplies with the capability of tunable waveform width. As a result, we have reduced the injection transient by a factor of 29, down to the limit of 60 um.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT064
About •	Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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TUPOPT068	Transverse and Longitudinal Modulation of Photoinjection Pulses at FLUTE	laser, electron, cathode, controls	1174
	M. Nabinger, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, C. Sax, J. Schäfer, C. Widmann, C. Xu KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
	Funding: Supported by the Doctoral School "Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology" (KSETA). To generate the electrons to be accelerated, a photoinjection laser is used at the linac-based test facility FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test Experiment) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The properties of the laser pulse, such as intensity, laser spot size or temporal profile, are the first parameters to influence the characteristics of the electron bunches. In order to control the initial parameters of the electrons in the most flexible way possible, the laser optics at FLUTE are therefore supplemented by additional setups that allow transverse and longitudinal laser pulse shaping by using so-called Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs). In the future, the control of the SLMs will be integrated into a Machine Learning (ML) supported feedback system for the optimization of the electron bunch properties. In this contribution the first test experiments and results on laser pulse shaping at FLUTE on the way to this project are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT068
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
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TUPOTK057	Innovative Magnetron Power Sources for Superconducting RF (SRF) Accelerators	SRF, controls, cavity, operation	1348
	M.L. Neubauer, R.P. Johnson, R.R. Lentz, M. Popovic, T. Wynn Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by DOE SBIR grant # DE-SC0022484 A magnetron suitable for 1497 MHz klystron replacements at Jefferson Lab will be constructed and tested with our novel patented subcritical voltage operation methods to drive an SRF cavity. The critical areas of magnetron manufacturing and design affecting life-cycle costs that will be modeled for improvement include: Q_ext, filaments, magnetic field, vane design, and novel control of outgassing. The most immediate benefit of this project is to make SRF accelerator projects more affordable for NP and other users of SRF Linacs. One of the most attractive commercial applications for SRF accelerators is to drive subcritical nuclear reactors to burn Light Water Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel (LWR SNF). A 1 GeV proton beam hitting an internal uranium spallation neutron target can produce over 30 neutrons for each incident proton to allow the reactor to operate far below criticality to generate electricity or process heat while reducing high-level waste disposal costs. This commercial application has the additional attribute of addressing climate change.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK057
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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TUPOMS004	TDR Baseline Lattice for the Upgrade of SOLEIL	lattice, emittance, synchrotron, coupling	1393
	A. Loulergue, D. Amorim, O.R. Blanco-García, P. Brunelle, W. Foosang, A. Gamelin, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka, R. Ollier, M.-A. Tordeux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Previous CDR studies for the SOLEIL Upgrade project have converged towards a lattice alternating 7BA and 4BA HOA type cells providing a low natural horizontal emittance value in the 80 pm.rad range at an energy of 2.75 GeV. This lattice adapts to the current tunnel geometry as well as to preserve as much as possible the present beamline positions. The TDR lattice is an evolution of the CDR one including longer short straight sections, better relative magnet positioning, and the replacement quadrupole triplets by quadruplets for improving flexibility of optics matching in straight section. The SOLEIL upgrade TDR lattice is then composed of 20 HOA cells with a two-fold symmetry, and provides 20 straight sections having four different lengths of 3.0, 4.2, 8.0, and 8.2 m. This paper reports the linear and the non-linear beam dynamic optimization based on intense MOGA investigations, mainly to improve the energy acceptance required to keep a large enough Touschek beam lifetime. Some future directions for performance improvement are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS004
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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TUPOMS005	SOLEIL Machine Status and Upgrade	lattice, photon, synchrotron, vacuum	1397
	L.S. Nadolski, G. Abeillé, Y.-M. Abiven, F. Bouvet, P. Brunelle, N. Béchu, M.-E. Couprie, X. Delétoille, S. Duigou, A. Gamelin, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, M. Labat, J.-F. Lamarre, V. Le Roux, A. Lestrade, A. Loulergue, O. Marcouillé, F. Marteau, A. Nadji, R. Nagaoka, M. Nouna, Y. Rahier, F. Ribeiro, G. Schaguene, K. Tavakoli, M.-A. Tordeux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France S. Ducourtieux LNE, Trappes Cedex, France
	SOLEIL is both a 2.75 GeV third generation synchrotron light source and a research laboratory at the forefront of experimental techniques dedicated to matter analysis down to the atomic scale, as well as a service platform open to all scientific and industrial communities. We present the performance of the accelerators delivering extremely stable photon beams to 29 beamlines. We report on the commissioning of a superbend magnet replacing a standard 1.71T dipole with a 2.84 T narrow peak permanent magnet-based dipole. It required local modification of the lattice to compensate linear and nonlinear optics distortions introduced by the new magnet field. The latest measurements made with a Multipole Injection Kicker are also reported. Work on the NEG test bench and its dedicated front-end for a 10 mm inner diameter vacuum pipe and other major R&D areas are also addressed in the frame of the SOLEIL upgrade.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS005
About •	Received ※ 10 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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TUPOMS007	A Long Booster Option for the ESRF-EBS 6 GeV Storage Ring	booster, SRF, lattice, storage-ring	1405
	S.M. Liuzzo, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, L. Hoummi, T.P. Perron, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	Despite the several fruitful upgrades undergone, the present injector complex of the ESRF-EBS has a rather large horizontal natural emittance at extraction of >60nmrad. Several light sources (SLS, ALBA, SIRIUS) have adopted booster injectors fitting in the same tunnel as the main SR. The study of such an injector is shown in this paper for the ESRF-EBS. The proposed solution is based on a DBA lattice structure with 5 quadrupole families and 2 sextupole families. The possibility to install this long booster on the internal wall of the ESRF storage ring tunnel is assessed and the adequate distances are analyzed. The possibility to keep the existing injector is also considered in order to use this additional ring as an accumulator ring. Injection and extraction schemes are described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS007
About •	Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022
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TUPOMS009	First Year of Operation of the ESRF-EBS Ligth Source	operation, SRF, emittance, cavity	1413
	J.-L. Revol, C. Benabderrahmane, P.B. Borowiec, E. Buratin, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, A. D’Elia, M. Dubrulle, F. Ewald, A. Franchi, G. Gautier, L. Hardy, L. Hoummi, J. Jacob, L. Jolly, G. Le Bec, I. Leconte, S.M. Liuzzo, M. Morati, T.P. Perron, Q. Qin, B. Roche, K.B. Scheidt, V. Serrière, R. Versteegen, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility - Extremely Brilliant Source (ESRF-EBS) is a facility upgrade allowing its scientific users to take advantage of the first high-energy 4th generation light source. In December 2018, after 30 years of operation, the beam stopped for a 12-month shutdown to dismantle the old storage ring and to install the new X-ray source. On 25 August 2020, the user programme was restarted with beam parameters very close to nominal values. This paper reports on the present operation performance of the source, highlighting the ongoing and planned development.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS009
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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TUPOMS019	Collimation Strategy for the Low-Emittance PETRA IV Storage Ring	kicker, collimation, undulator, emittance	1445
	M.A. Jebramcik, I.V. Agapov, S.A. Antipov, R. Bartolini, R. Brinkmann, D. Einfeld, T. Hellert, J. Keil DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The beam-intensity losses in the proposed PETRA IV electron storage ring that will replace DESY’s synchrotron light source PETRA III will be dominated by the Touschek effect due to the high bunch density. The beam lifetime will only be in the range of 5 h in the timing mode (80 high-intensity bunches) leading to a maximum power loss of ~170 mW along the storage ring (excluding injection losses). To avoid the demagnetization of the permanent-magnet undulators and combined-function magnets, this radiation-sensitive hardware has to be shielded against losses as well as possible. Such shielding elongates the lifetime of the hardware and consequently reduces the time and the resources that are spent on maintenance once PETRA IV is operational. This contribution presents options for collimator locations, e.g., at the dispersion bump in the achromat cell, to reduce the exposure to losses from the Touschek effect and the injection process. This contribution also quantifies the risk of damaging the installed collimation system in case of hardware failure, e.g., RF cavity or quadrupole failure, since the beam with an emittance of 20 pm could damage collimators if there is no emittance blow-up.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS019
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOMS027	ALBA II Acelerator Upgrade Project	emittance, lattice, storage-ring, cavity	1467
	F. Pérez, I. Bellafont, G. Benedetti, J. Campmany, M. Carlà, J.J. Casas, C. Colldelram, F.F.B. Fernández, J.C. Giraldo, T.F. Günzel, U. Iriso, J. Marcos, Z. Martí, V. Massana, R. Muñoz Horta, M. Pont, L. Ribó, P. Solans, L. Torino ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
	ALBA is working on the upgrade project that shall transform the actual storage ring, in operation since 2012, into a 4th generation light source, in which the soft X-rays part of the spectrum shall be diffraction limited. The project has been officially launched in 2021 and a White Paper presenting the main concepts of the upgrade has been published in Spring 2022. The storage ring upgrade is based on a 6BA lattice which has to comply with several constraints imposed by the decision of maintaining the same circumference (269 m), the same number of cells (16), the same beam energy (3 GeV), and as many of the source points as possible unperturbed. The lattice optimization has achieved an emittance of 140 pm.rad, which is a factor 30 smaller than that of the existing ring, but with an array compactness that presents technological challenges for the magnets, vacuum, diagnostics, RF systems and injection elements designs that are being investigated through an intensive R&D program.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS027
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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TUPOMS032	Performance of the Diamond-II Storage Ring Collimators	scattering, storage-ring, lattice, collimation	1487
	H. Ghasem, J. Kallestrup, I.P.S. Martin DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	Particle losses in a storage ring are unavoidable and it is very important to capture them and protect the machine from any possible damage. For this purpose, 6 collimators have been introduced in the Diamond-II storage ring lattice. This paper describes the main layout of the collimators with their corresponding impact and performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS032
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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TUPOMS033	Diamond-II Storage Ring Developments and Performance Studies	lattice, storage-ring, MMI, impedance	1491
	I.P.S. Martin, H.C. Chao, R.T. Fielder, H. Ghasem, J. Kallestrup, T. Olsson, B. Singh, S.W. Wang DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	The Diamond-II project includes a replacement of the existing double-bend achromat storage ring with a modified hybrid 6-bend achromat, doubling the number of straight sections and increasing the photon beam brightness by up to two orders of magnitude. The design and performance characterisation of the new storage ring has continued to progress, including a switch to an aperture-sharing injection scheme, freezing the magnet layout, studying the impact of IDs, developing a commissioning procedure and investigating collective effects. In this paper we present an overview of these studies, including final performance estimates. Diamond-II Technical Design Report, Diamond Light Source Ltd.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS033
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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TUPOMS055	A Modernized Architecture for the Post Mortem System at CERN	database, operation, controls, framework	1557
	J.F. Barth, F. Bogyai, J.C. Garnier, M.L. Majewski, T. Martins Ribeiro, A. Mnich, M.P. Pocwierz, R.S. Selvek, R. Simpson, A. Stanisz, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The control system of the accelerators at CERN stores and analyses more than 200 million dumps of high resolution data recordings every year in the Post Mortem (PM) system. A continuous increase in the complexity of the Large Hadron Collider’s (LHC) systems and the desire to collect more accurate data requires continuous improvement of the PM system. Recently, the PM system has been modernized ahead of the third operational Run of the LHC. The upgraded system implements well known data engineering principles such as horizontal scaling, stateless services and readiness for extensions. This paper recalls the purpose of the PM service and its current use cases. It presents its modernized architecture, reviews the current performance and limitations of the system, and draws perspectives for the next steps in its evolution.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS055
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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WEIYGD1	Achievements and Performance Prospects of the Upgraded LHC Injectors	MMI, brightness, proton, kicker	1610
	V. Kain, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, F. Antoniou, T. Argyropoulos, F. Asvesta, B. Balhan, M.J. Barnes, D. Barrientos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, A. Boccardi, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, D.G. Cotte, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, M.A. Fraser, A. Funken, B. Goddard, G. Hagmann, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, M. Jaussi, I. Karpov, T. Koevener, D. Küchler, J.-B. Lallement, A. Lasheen, T.E. Levens, K.S.B. Li, A.M. Lombardi, N. Madysa, E. Mahner, M. Meddahi, L. Mether, B. Mikulec, J.C. Molendijk, E. Montesinos, D. Nisbet, F.-X. Nuiry, G. Papotti, K. Paraschou, F. Pedrosa, T. Prebibaj, S. Prodon, D. Quartullo, E. Renner, F. Roncarolo, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, P.K. Skowroński, A. Spierer, F. Tecker, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner, C. Zannini CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	To provide HL-LHC performance, the CERN LHC injector chain underwent a major upgrade during an almost 2-year-long shutdown. In the first half of 2021 the injectors were gradually re-started with the aim to reach at least pre-shutdown parameters for LHC as well as for fixed target beams. The strategy of the commissioning across the complex, a summary of the many challenges and finally the achievements will be presented. Several lessons were learned and have been integrated to define the strategy for the performance ramp-up over the coming years. Remaining limitations and prospects for LHC beam parameters at the exit of the LHC injector chain in the years to come will be discussed. Finally, the emerging need for improved operability of the CERN complex will be addressed, with a description of the first efforts to meet the availability and flexibility requirements of the HL-LHC era while at the same time maximizing fixed target physics output.
	Slides WEIYGD1 [5.905 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIYGD1
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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WEOYGD1	Recent Results of Beam Loss Mitigation and Extremely Low Beam Loss Operation of J-PARC RCS	scattering, operation, radiation, proton	1616
	P.K. Saha, H. Harada, T. Nakanoya, K. Okabe, H. Okita, Y. Shobuda, F. Tamura, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan H. Hotchi KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	In the 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) of J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex), multi-turn charge-exchange injection of H⁻ by using a thin stripper foil is performed to achieve high-intensity proton beam of 1 MW. The beam loss at 1 MW has already been well controlled, but for further minimizing both uncontrolled and controlled beam losses caused by the foil scattering of the circulating beam, recently we have implemented a lower vertical injection beam size and installed a corresponding smaller size stripper foil. A smaller foil gives a significant reduction of the foil scattering uncontrolled beam loss at the injection area, while an optimization of the vertical transverse painting area matching with a smaller beam size further gives an extremely reduction of the beam loss at the collimator section. The corresponding residual radiation at the recent operation with 700 kW beam power was also measured to extremely reduced.
	Slides WEOYGD1 [1.161 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYGD1
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
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WEOYSP3	Operation Experience with SESAME RF System	cavity, operation, LLRF, controls	1636
	D.S. Foudeh, A.I. Kurdi, N.Kh. Sawai SESAME, Allan, Jordan
	SESAME RF system has been in operation since 2017 where the operational electron beam current has been increased from 100mA to 300mA since then. The higher operational beam current together with the need to have longer beam lifetime to reduce number of injections per day required higher forward RF power, On the other hand; more attention needed to be paid to monitor and tackle the current driven High Order Modes and to respect the limitation on the forward RF power coming from the solid state amplifiers. In this paper we describe the RF system and report on the challenges we faced in addition to the operational experience we had with the RF system and solid state amplifiers.
	Slides WEOYSP3 [4.207 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYSP3
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
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WEOZSP3	Measurements of Radiation Fields From a Ceramic Break	simulation, radiation, impedance, synchrotron	1663
	Y. Shobuda, S. Hatakeyama, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan T. Toyama KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	Ceramic breaks are used in synchrotrons for many purposes. For example, they are inserted between the Multi-Wire Profile Monitor (MWPM) on the injection line at the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) in J-PARC to completely prevent the wall currents accompanying beams from affecting the MWPM. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of suppressing beam impedances and the radiation fields from the ceramic breaks, it would be preferable that the inner surface of the ceramic break is coated with Titanium Nitride (TiN), or covered over capacitors. In this report, we measure the radiation fields from the ceramic break with and without capacitors as well as the beam profile and investigate the effect of the ceramic breaks on the measurements.
	Slides WEOZSP3 [35.441 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOZSP3
About •	Received ※ 12 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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WEPOST008	Optics Correction Strategy for Run 3 of the LHC	optics, coupling, MMI, quadrupole	1687
	T.H.B. Persson, F.S. Carlier, A. Costa Ojeda, J. Dilly, V. Ferrentino, E. Fol, H. García Morales, M. Hofer, E.J. Høydalsvik, J. Keintzel, M. Le Garrec, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, F. Soubelet, R. Tomás García, A. Wegscheider, L. van Riesen-Haupt CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland J.F. Cardona UNAL, Bogota D.C, Colombia
	After almost 4 years of shutdown the LHC is again operational in 2022. Experience from the previous Long Shutdown (LS) has shown that the local errors around the triplet magnets changed significantly and it is likely we will again see different errors in 2022. In the LHC there is an interplay between the linear and the nonlinear correction which can make the corrections difficult and time-consuming to find. In this article, we describe the measurements and corrections performed during the commissioning in 2022 in order to control both the linear and the nonlinear optics to high precision.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST008
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 25 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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WEPOST011	Studies on Top-Up Injection into the FCC-ee Collider Ring	kicker, optics, collider, lattice	1699
	P.J. Hunchak, M.J. Boland CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada M. Aiba PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland W. Bartmann, Y. Dutheil, M. Hofer, R.L. Ramjiawan, F. Zimmermann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland M.J. Boland University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
	In order to maximize the luminosity production time in the FCC-ee, top-up injection will be employed. The positron and electron beams will be accelerated to the collision energy in the booster ring before being injected with either a small transverse or longitudinal separation to the stored beam. Using this scheme essentially keeps the beam current constant and, apart from a brief period during the injection process, collision data can be continuously acquired. Two top-up injection schemes, each with on- and off-momentum sub-schemes, viable for FCC-ee have been identified in the past and are studied in further detail to find a suitable design for each of the four operation modes of the FCC-ee. In this paper, injection straight optics, initial injection tracking studies and the effect on the stored beam are presented. Additionally, a basic proxy error lattice is introduced as a first step to studying injection into an imperfect machine.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST011
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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WEPOST014	Studies on Pre-Computation of SPS-to-LHC Transfer Line Corrections	extraction, target, proton, closed-orbit	1711
	C. Bracco, F.M. Velotti CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The injection process in the LHC gives a non-negligible contribution to the turnaround time between two consecutive physics fills. Mainly due to orbit drifts in the SPS, the steering of the SPS-to-LHC transfer lines (TL) had to be regularly performed in view of minimising injection oscillations and losses, which otherwise would trigger beam dumps. Moreover, for machine protection purposes, a maximum of twelve bunches had to be injected after any TL steering to validate the actual applied corrections. This implied at several occasions the need to interrupt a fill to steer the lines and introduced a further delay between fills. Studies were performed to evaluate the option of pre-calculating the required TL corrections based on SPS orbit measurements during the LHC magnet ramp down and the reconstruction of the beam position and angle at the SPS extraction point.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST014
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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WEPOST029	First Start-to-End Simulations of the 6 GeV Laser-Plasma Injector at DESY	laser, plasma, emittance, electron	1757
	S.A. Antipov, I.V. Agapov, R. Brinkmann, A. Ferran Pousa, M.A. Jebramcik, A. Martinez de la Ossa, M. Thévenet DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	DESY is studying the feasibility of a 6 GeV laser-plasma injector for top-up operation of its future flagship synchrotron light source PETRA IV. A potential design of such an injector involves a single plasma stage, a beamline for beam capture and phase space manipulation, and a X-band rf energy compressor. Numerical tracking with realistic beam distributions shows that an energy variation below 0.1%, rms and a transverse emittance about 1 nm-rad, rms can be achieved under realistic timing, energy, and pointing jitters. PETRA IV injection efficiency studies performed with a conservative 5% beta-beating indicate negligible beam losses for the simulated beams during top-up. Provided the necessary progress on high-power lasers and plasma cells, the laser plasma injector could become a competitive alternative to the conventional injector chain.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST029
About •	Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
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WEPOPT001	NICA Ion Collider and Plans of Its First Operations	booster, collider, electron, luminosity	1819
	E. Syresin, O.I. Brovko, A.V. Butenko, A.R. Galimov, E.V. Gorbachev, V. Kekelidze, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, S.A. Kostromin, V.A. Lebedev, I.N. Meshkov, A.V. Philippov, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov, A. Tuzikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is under assembling in JINR. The NICA goals are providing of colliding beams for studies of hot and dense strongly interacting baryonic matter and spin physics. The heavy ion injection complex of Collider NICA consisting from following accelerators: new acting heavy ion linac HILAC with RFQ and IH DTL sections at energy 3.2 MeV/u, new acting superconducting Booster synchrotron at energy up 600 MeV/u, acting superconducting synchrotron Nuclotron at gold ion energy 3.9 GeV/n, will starts operation with first ion beams in beginning of 2022. The assembling of two Collider storage rings with two interaction points was done in December 2021. The status of acceleration complex NICA and plans of its first operation is under discussion.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT001
About •	Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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WEPOPT002	Conception of High Intensive Polarized Proton Beam Formation in NICA Collider	proton, collider, luminosity, acceleration	1822
	E. Syresin, A.V. Butenko, S.A. Kostromin, O.S. Kozlov, I.N. Meshkov, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov, A. Tuzikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Y. Filatov MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia S.D. Kolokolchikov, Y. Senichev RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia N.V. Mityanina BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia P.R. Zenkevich ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is a new accelerator complex being assembled at JINR to search for the mixed phase of baryonic matter and to investigate the nature of nucleon/particle spin. The polarized proton beams will be operated at the energy range of 5-12.6 GeV, the beam intensity in each ring of 2.2x10¹³ and the luminosity of 1x10³² cm^-2 s^-1. The conception of formation of high intensive proton beams is discussed for two different schemes. In first scheme the protons are injected from Nuclotron to Collider at an energy of 2-2.5 GeV to provide the cooling and the storage at this energy and then they are accelerated up to energy of experiments. In the second scheme the cooling of protons is realized in one from accelerators of the injection chain and the protons are injected from Nuclotron to Collider at energy of experiments, where they are stored up required intensity.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT002
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022
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WEPOPT009	Operational Scenario of First High Luminosity LHC Run	luminosity, operation, emittance, sextupole	1846
	R. Tomás García, G. Arduini, P. Baudrenghien, R. Bruce, O.S. Brüning, X. Buffat, R. Calaga, F. Cerutti, R. De Maria, J. Dilly, I. Efthymiopoulos, M. Giovannozzi, P.D. Hermes, G. Iadarola, O.R. Jones, S. Kostoglou, E.H. Maclean, N. Mounet, E. Métral, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Redaelli, G. Sterbini, H. Timko, F.F. Van der Veken, J. Wenninger, M. Zerlauth CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	A new scenario for the first operational run of the HL-LHC era (Run 4) has been recently developed to accommodate a period of performance ramp-up to achieve an annual integrated luminosity close to the nominal HL-LHC design. The operational scenario in terms of beam parameters and machine settings, as well as the different phases, are described here along with the impact of potential delays on key hardware components.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT009
About •	Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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WEPOPT016	Beam-Based Reconstruction of the Shielded Quench-Heater Fields for the LHC Main Dipoles	dipole, shielding, operation, optics	1874
	L.C. Richtmann, L. Bortot, E. Ravaioli, C. Wiesner, D. Wollmann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Small orbit oscillations of the circulating particle beams have been observed immediately following quenches in the LHC’s superconducting main dipole magnets. Magnetic fields generated during the discharge into the quench heaters were identified as the cause. Since the resulting, shielded field inside the beam screen cannot be measured in-situ, the time evolution of the field has to be reconstructed from the measured beam excursions. In this paper, the field-reconstruction method using rotation in normalized phase space and the optimized fitting algorithm are described. The resulting rise times and magnetic field levels are presented for quench events that occurred during regular operation as well as for dedicated beam experiments. Finally, different approaches to model the shielding behavior of the beam screen are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT016
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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WEPOPT020	Modeling RHIC Spin Tilt as Lattice Imperfections	resonance, proton, HOM, lattice	1884
	V.H. Ranjbar, E.C. Aschenauer, H. Huang, A. Marusic, F. Méot, V. Schoefer BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. A tilt in the spin direction from the vertical has been observed for a number of years in the RHIC collider during store. This tilt has been extensively studied by scanning snake strengths, energies and orbital angles during the 2017 polarized proton run. Using a spin transport model, we attempt to model this spin tilt by fitting all the relevant data.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT020
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022
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WEPOPT028	Design Update on the HSR Injection Kicker for the EIC	impedance, kicker, simulation, coupling	1904
	M.P. Sangroula, C.J. Liaw, C. Liu, J. Sandberg, N. Tsoupas, B.P. Xiao BNL, Upton, New York, USA X. Sun ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), the next-generation nuclear science facility, is under the design at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The present RHIC rings will be reconfigured as the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) for the EIC. Design of a stripline injection kicker for the HSR for beams with the rigidity of ∼ 81 T-m poses some technical challenges due to the expected shorter bunch spacing, heating due to higher peak current and the larger number of bunches, and the required higher pulsed voltage. Recently, we updated its mechanical design to optimize the characteristic and beam coupling impedances. In addition, we incorporated the impedance tuning capability by introducing the kicker aperture adjustment mechanism. Finally, we incorporated high voltage FID feedthroughs (FC26) to this kicker. This paper reports the design and optimization updates of the HSR injection kicker including the impedance tuning capability, optimization of both the characteristic and the beam coupling impedances, and finally the incorporation of a high voltage feedthrough design.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT028
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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WEPOPT047	Beam Optics of the Injection/Extraction and Beam Transfer in the Electron Rings of the EIC Project	extraction, electron, optics, kicker	1964
	N. Tsoupas, D. Holmes, C. Liu, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, J. Skaritka, J.E. Tuozzolo, E. Wang, F.J. Willeke BNL, Upton, New York, USA B. Bhandari Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) project* has been approved by the Department of Energy to be built at the site of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The goal of the project is the collision of energetic (of many GeV/amu) ion species with electron bunches of energies up to 18 GeV. The EIC includes two electron rings, the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) which accelerates the electron beam up to 18 GeV, and the Electron Storage Ring (ESR) which stores the electron beam for collisions with hadron beam, both to be installed in the same tunnel as the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR). This paper discusses the layout and the beam optics of the injection/extraction beam lines the electron rings and the beam optics of the transfer line from the RCS to the ESR ring. * https://www.bnl.gov/eic/
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT047
About •	Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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WEPOPT055	Linac3, LEIR and PS Performance with Ions in 2021 and Prospects for 2022	linac, operation, LLRF, cavity	1983
	N. Biancacci, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, D. Alves, M.E. Angoletta, D. Barrientos, H. Bartosik, G. Bellodi, S.B. Bertolo, D. Bodart, M. Bozzolan, H. Damerau, F.D.L. Di Lorenzo, A. Frassier, D. Gamba, A. Huschauer, S. Jensen, V. Kain, T. Koevener, G. Kotzian, D. Küchler, A. Lasheen, G. Le Godec, T.E. Levens, N. Madysa, E. Mahner, O. Marqversen, C.M. Mastrostefano, P.D. Meruga, C. Mutin, M. O’Neil, G. Piccinini, R. Scrivens, P.S. Solvang, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner, C. Wetton, M. Zampetakis CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	CERN accelerators underwent a period of long shutdown from the end of 2018 to 2020. During this time frame, significant hardware and software upgrades have been put in place to increase the performance of both proton and ion accelerator chains in the High Luminosity LHC era. In the context of the CERN lead ion chain, 2021 has been mainly devoted to restore the injectors’ performance and to successfully prove the slip-stacking technique in SPS. In this paper we summarise the key milestones of the ion beam commissioning and the achieved beam performance for the Linac 3 (including the source), LEIR and PS accelerators, together with an outlook on 2022 operation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT055
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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WEPOPT058	A Response Matrix Approach to Skew-Sextupole Correction in the LHC at Injection	coupling, simulation, sextupole, resonance	1987
	E. Waagaard Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden E.H. Maclean CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	To date, no dedicated attempt has been made to correct skew-sextupole resonances in the LHC at injection. Recently this topic has gained interest however, following the investigation for the emittance growth generation during the LHC energy ramp, due to third order islands. The LHC is equipped with skew-sextupole correctors in the experimental insertions (MCSSX), intended for local compensation at top energy, and with several families of skew sextupole magnets in the arcs (MSS), which are intended for chromatic coupling compensation at top energy but are not optimally placed for resonance compensation. Simulation studies were performed in MAD-X and PTC to assess whether the MSS and MCSSX correctors could be used to compensate skew-sextupole RDTs in the LHC at injection via a response matrix approach, based on measured values at the LHC BPMs. It was found that compensation was viable, but at the cost of significantly increased corrector strength compared to chromatic coupling compensation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT058
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 18 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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WEPOPT063	The FCCee Pre-Injector Complex	positron, linac, electron, collider	2007
	P. Craievich, B. Auchmann, S. Bettoni, H.-H. Braun, M. Duda, D. Hauenstein, E. Hohmann, R. Ischebeck, P.N. Juranič, J. Kosse, G.L. Orlandi, M. Pedrozzi, J.-Y. Raguin, S. Reiche, S.T. Sanfilippo, M. Schaer, N. Vallis, R. Zennaro PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland F. Alharthi, I. Chaikovska, S. Ogur Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France W. Bartmann, M. Benedikt, M.I. Besana, M. Calviani, S. Döbert, Y. Dutheil, O. Etisken, J.L. Grenard, A. Grudiev, B. Humann, A. Latina, A. Lechner, K. Oide, A. Perillo-Marcone, H.W. Pommerenke, R.L. Ramjiawan, Y. Zhao, F. Zimmermann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland A. De Santis INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy Y. Enomoto, K. Furukawa, K. Oide KEK, Ibaraki, Japan O. Etisken Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey C. Milardi LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy T.O. Raubenheimer SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA N. Vallis EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	The international FCC study group published in 2019 a Conceptual Design Report for an electron-positron collider with a centre-of-mass energy from 90 to 365 GeV with a beam currents of up to 1.4 A per beam. The high beam current of this collider create challenging requirements on the injection chain and all aspects of the linac need to be carefully reconsidered and revisited, including the injection time structure. The entire beam dynamics studies for the full linac, damping ring and transfer lines are major activities of the injector complex design. A key point is that any increase of positron production and capture efficiency reduces the cost and complexity of the driver linac, the heat and radiation load of the converter system, and increases the operational margin. In this paper we will give an overview of the status of the injector complex design and introduce the new layout that has been proposed by the study group working in the context of the CHART collaboration. In this framework, furthermore, we also present the preliminary studies of the FCC-ee positron source highlighting the main requirements and constraints.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT063
About •	Received ※ 11 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
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WEPOTK011	High Intensity Studies in the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster	resonance, operation, proton, ISOL	2056
	F. Asvesta, S.C.P. Albright, F. Antoniou, H. Bartosik, C. Bracco, G.P. Di Giovanni, G. Rumolo, P.K. Skowroński, C. Zannini CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Renner TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
	After the successful implementation of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project, studies were conducted in the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) in order to assess the intensity reach with the increased beam brightness. The studies focused on the high intensity beams delivered to the PSB users, both at 1.4 and 2 GeV. In addition, possible intensity limitations in view of the Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) Study were investigated. To this end, various machine configurations were tested including different resonance compensation schemes and chromaticity settings in correlation with the longitudinal parameters. This paper summarizes the results obtained since the machine recommissioning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK011
About •	Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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WEPOTK012	Commissioning the New LLRF System of the CERN PS Booster	cavity, operation, LLRF, MMI	2060
	S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, D. Barrientos, A. Findlay, M. Jaussi, J.C. Molendijk CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The PS Booster (PSB) is the first synchrotron in the injection chain for protons. The beams produced for the LHC and various fixed target experiments cover a very large parameter space. Over the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), the PSB was heavily upgraded as part of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project. The low-level RF systems now drive the new Finemet-loaded cavities, control RF synchronisation for the new injection mechanism, and cope with the increased injection and extraction energies. The Finemet cavities provide exceptional flexibility, allowing an arbitrary distribution of voltage at different revolution frequency harmonics, but at the cost of significant broadband impedance. The new injection mechanism allows bunch-to-bucket multi-turn injection, which significantly reduces the amount of beam loss at the start of the cycle. The longitudinal beam production schema for each beam-type was developed based on simulations during LS2, and then adapted during the setting-up phase to suit the final operational configuration. This paper discusses the commissioning of the new LLRF, and the consequences of the LIU upgrades on the production of various beams.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK012
About •	Received ※ 25 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
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WEPOTK014	Hadron Storage Ring 4 O’clock Injection Design and Optics for the Electron-Ion Collider	optics, electron, septum, dipole	2068
	H. Lovelace III, J.S. Berg, D. Bruno, C. Cullen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, D. Holmes, R.F. Lambiase, C. Liu, C. Montag, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, R. Than, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Valette, D. Weiss BNL, Upton, New York, USA B. Bhandari, F. Micolon, N. Tsoupas, S. Verdú-Andrés Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA B.R. Gamage, T. Satogata, W. Wittmer JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	The Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will accelerate protons and heavy ions up to a proton energy of 275 GeV and an Au⁺⁷⁹ 110 GeV/u to collide with electrons of energies up to 18 GeV. To accomplish the acceleration process, the hadrons are pre-accelerated in the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS), extracted, and transferred to HSR for injection. The planned area for injection is the current Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) 4 o’clock straight section. To inject hadrons, a series of modifications must be made to the existing RHIC 4 o’clock straight section to accommodate for the 20 new ~18 ns injection kickers and a new injection septum, while providing sufficient space and proper beam conditions for polarimetry equipment. These modifications will be discussed in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK014
About •	Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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WEPOTK025	Concepts and Considerations for FCC-ee Top-Up Injection Strategies	septum, kicker, multipole, collider	2106
	R.L. Ramjiawan, W. Bartmann, Y. Dutheil, M. Hofer CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland M. Aiba PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland P.J. Hunchak University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada P.J. Hunchak CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
	The Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee) is proposed to operate in four modes, with beam energies from 45.6 GeV (Z-pole) to 182.5 GeV (tt-bar production) and luminosities up to 4.6×10³⁶ cm²s^-1. At the highest energies the beam lifetime would be less than one hour, meaning that top-up injection will be crucial to maximise the integrated luminosity. Two top-up injection strategies are considered here: conventional injection, employing a closed orbit bump and septum, and multipole-kicker injection, with a pulsed multipole magnet and septum. On-axis and off-axis injections are considered for both. We present a comparison of these injection strategies taking into account aspects such as spatial constraints, machine protection, disturbance to the stored beam and injection efficiency. We overview potential kicker and septum technologies for each.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK025
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022
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WEPOTK031	Low-Energy Negative Ion Injection Beamline for Experiments with Antiprotonic Atoms at AEgIS	proton, antiproton, experiment, focusing	2126
	V. Rodin, A. Farricker, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom G. Cerchiari Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universtität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria M. Doser, G. Khatri CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland G. Kornakov Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: Research was funded by Warsaw University of Technology within the Excellence Initiative: Research University (IDUB) programme Interaction of low-energy antiprotons with nuclear targets provided fundamental knowledge about proton and neutron densities of many nuclei through the capture process, cascade on lower electron orbits, and annihilation with the nucleon. The expelled electrons produce X-rays and with the recoil particles after annihilation, thus, a sufficient amount of information can be obtained about this interaction. However, all previous experiments were done via formation of antiprotonic atoms in solid or gaseous targets. Therefore, annihilation occurs prior reaching the S or P orbital levels and precise measurements are missing. Recently, AEgIS collaboration proposed a conceptually new experimental scheme. The creation of cold antiprotonic atoms in a vacuum guarantees the absence of the Stark effect. And with the sub-ns timing and synchronization, the previous experimental obstacles would be resolved. This will allow studying atomic properties, evolution, and fragmentation process with improved precision and extended lifetimes. In this contribution, we present an overview of the experimental scheme as well as various aspects of negative ion injection beamline into the AEgIS experiment.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK031
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 June 2022
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WEPOTK039	Radiation of a Particle Moving Along a Helical Trajectory in a Semi-Infinite Cylindrical Waveguide	GUI, radiation, undulator, HOM	2154
	M. Ivanyan, A. Grigoryan, B. Grigoryan, V.G. Khachatryan, B.K. Sargsyan CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia K. Flöttmann, F. Lemery DESY, Hamburg, Germany A. Grigoryan YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
	Funding: The work was supported by the Science Committee of RA, in the frames of the research project 21T-1C239 The radiation field of a particle which suddenly appears in an ideal waveguide and moves on a helical trajectory under the influence ofexternal magnetic fields is calculated. The shape and character of the front of the propagating wave is determined. The time dependence of radiation energy accumulated in the waveguide is investigated.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK039
About •	Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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WEPOTK043	Matching Studies Between the CERN PSB and PS Using Turn-by-Turn Beam Profile Acquisitions with a Residual Beam Gas Ionisation Monitor	emittance, electron, proton, operation	2161
	M.A. Fraser, M.R. Coly, A. Guerrero, A. Huschauer, S. Jensen, S. Levasseur, F. Roncarolo, A. Rossi, H.S. Sandberg, J.W. Storey CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project, the Beam Gas Ionisation (BGI) profile monitors installed in the Proton Synchrotron (PS) were fitted with a gas injection system capable of boosting the signal rate high enough to capture single turn acquisitions immediately after injection. This contribution reports on the studies carried out during the beam commissioning of the BGI system in a turn-by-turn matching monitor mode for its eventual implementation in an optimisation framework to preserve emittance during transfer between the PS Booster and PS. The BGI commissioning included a benchmarking with data from a wire-grid secondary emission monitor inserted into the circulating beam.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK043
About •	Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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WEPOMS004	Investigation of RF Heating for the Multipole Injection Kicker Installed at SOLEIL	impedance, kicker, simulation, operation	2233
	A. Gamelin, P. Alexandre, R. Ben El Fekih, J. Da Silva Castro, M. El Ajjouri, A. Letresor, L.S. Nadolski, R. Ollier, T.S. Thoraud SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France M. Sacko, S. Taurines Avantis Concept, SAINT-CERE, France
	During the commissioning of the new Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) pulsed magnet at SOLEIL synchrotron, an anomalously high heating of the MIK chamber and flanges was found. To better manage the heat load, fans directed toward the MIK were added to improve the air-cooling flow. This allowed the nominal current to be reached in all operation modes while keeping reasonable temperatures on the MIK. Post-installation investigations subsequently showed that the initial estimate of the maximal heat load was in agreement with the measured temperature in several operation modes both with and without the additional fans. In this article, we present the complete study, starting from the impedance calculation to thermal simulations, and comparison with the measured data with beam.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS004
About •	Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
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WEPOMS009	Simulation Studies of Longitudinal Stability for High-Intensity LHC-Type Beams in the CERN SPS	simulation, emittance, controls, impedance	2249
	D. Quartullo, L. Intelisano, I. Karpov, G. Papotti CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Beams in the SPS for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) must be stabilized in the longitudinal plane up to an intensity of 2.4·10¹¹ protons per bunch. The fourth harmonic RF system increases Landau damping, and controlled longitudinal emittance blow-up is applied to cope with coupled-bunch instabilities along the ramp and at flat-top. Longitudinal multi-bunch beam dynamics simulations of the SPS cycle were performed starting from realistic bunch distributions, as injected from the PS. The full SPS impedance model was included, as well as the effect of low-level RF (LLRF) feedback for beam-loading compensation. A realistic model of the beam-based LLRF loops was used for the particle tracking studies. Controlled longitudinal emittance blow-up was included by generating bandwidth-limited RF phase noise and by injecting it into the beam phase-loop input, exactly as in hardware. Due to the stringent constraints on particle losses and extracted bunch lengths, particular attention was paid to monitoring these parameters in the simulations, and to determining the best configuration for a stable acceleration of the beam.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS009
About •	Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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WEPOMS048	A Flexible Online Optimizer for SPS	booster, emittance, simulation, storage-ring	2362
	T. Pulampong, N. Suradet SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
	Siam Photon Source (SPS) machine in Thailand has been operating for more than two decades with limited diagnostic systems. It is very challenging to efficiently tune and operate the machine. With online optimization, only variables and objectives are required to tune for better solutions. It this work, a flexible optimizer was developed. Objectives and variables can be freely defined based on available hardware in the form of Process Variables (PVs). Several multi-objective and Robust Conjugated Direction Search (RCDS) algorithms are provided. The online optimizer was tested on the SPS machine to improved the injection efficiency. Due to its flexibility, the optimizer can also be used for other systems.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS048
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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THOYSP2	The New Eddy Current Type Septum Magnet for Upgrading of Fast Extraction in Main Ring of J-PARC	septum, extraction, operation, power-supply	2428
	T. Shibata, K. Ishii, S. Iwata, H. Matsumoto, T. Sugimoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K. Fan HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
	For our first goal of the beam power of Main Ring for Fast eXtraction (FX), 750 kW, we have been evaluating a new Low-Field FX Septum magnets which are induced eddy current type (Eddy-Septum) since 2014. The pending technical issues are disagreement in two current monitor systems and the long switching time of the Main-charger to Sub-charger at low charging voltage. We measured a gap field during measurement of current, and found no drift in time variation of gap field. Our conclusion was that the cause of the disagreement is electric and radiative noise which make the drift in the time variation. The long-term stability of the output pulsed current depends on the switching time and charging voltage. We investigated the correlation between the keeping time of flat-top charging voltage and long-time stability with various charging voltages. In June 2021, we have first conducted the 1 Hz operation and high-voltage test of the Eddy-Septum which is mounted in a vacuum chamber, and we found no problem. A new pure iron duct type magnetic shield for reducing the leakage field were produced in July 2021. The new LF FX-Septum will be installed in MR in early of 2022.
	Slides THOYSP2 [5.375 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOYSP2
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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THPOST011	SuperKEKB Electron Positron Injector Linac Upgrade for Higher Charge and Lower Emittance	linac, positron, emittance, electron	2461
	K. Furukawa, H. Ego, Y. Enomoto, N. Iida, T. Kamitani, M. Kawamura, S. Matsumoto, T. Matsumoto, T. Miura, M. Satoh, A. Shirakawa, T. Suwada, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	KEK electron positron injector linac has established simultaneous top-up injections in 2019 for 5 rings of SuperKEKB DR, LER, HER, PF ring and PF-AR as a base of the both elementary particle physics and photon science experiments even under a quite short beam lifetime. It improved the injection stabilities while the SuperKEKB broke the world record of the collision luminosity of the previous project KEKB. As the collision performance improves, the beam-beam effect makes the dynamic aperture shrink, and the beam lifetime reduces further. Thus, it became inevitable for the injector to be upgraded in order to resolve the contradictory improvements of higher charge and lower emittance of injection beams regarding beam wakefield till 2025. The upgrade plan is described including pulsed magnets, an energy compression system, accelerating structures, girders, positron generator and so on.

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MOPLXGD1

The SuperKEKB Has Broken the World Record of the Luminosity

luminosity, impedance, simulation, operation

1

Y. Funakoshi, T. Abe, K. Akai, Y. Arimoto, K. Egawa, S. Enomoto, H. Fukuma, K. Furukawa, N. Iida, H. Ikeda, T. Ishibashi, S.H. Iwabuchi, H. Kaji, T. Kamitani, T. Kawamoto, M. Kikuchi, T. Kobayashi, K. Kodama, H. Koiso, M. Masuzawa, K. Matsuoka, T. Mimashi, G. Mitsuka, F. Miyahara, T. Miyajima, T. Mori, A. Morita, S. Nakamura, T.T. Nakamura, K. Nakanishi, H.N. Nakayama, M. Nishiwaki, S. Ogasawara, K. Ohmi, Y. Ohnishi, N. Ohuchi, T. Okada, T. Oki, M.A. Rehman, Y. Seimiya, K. Shibata, Y. Suetsugu, H. Sugimoto, H. Sugimura, M. Tawada, S. Terui, M. Tobiyama, R. Ueki, X. Wang, K. Watanabe, S.I. Yoshimoto, T. Yoshimoto, D. Zhou, X. Zhou, Z.G. Zong
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Natochii
University of Hawaii, Honolulu,, USA
K. Oide
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
R.J. Yang
CAEP/IAE, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
K. Yoshihara
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

The SuperKEKB broke the world record of the luminosity in June 2020 in the Phase 3 operation. The luminosity has been increasing since then and the present highest luminosity is 4.65 x 10³⁴ cm^-2s^-1 with β_y^* of 1 mm. The increase of the luminosity was brought with an application of crab waist, by increasing beam currents and by other improvements in the specific luminosity. In this paper, we describe what we have achieved and what we are struggling with. Finally, we mention a future plan briefly.

Slides MOPLXGD1 [6.235 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPLXGD1

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Received ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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MOPOST007

Summary of the First Fully Operational Run of LINAC4 at CERN

linac, MMI, operation, cavity

58

P.K. Skowroński, G. Bellodi, B. Bielawski, R.B. Borner, G.P. Di Giovanni, E. Gousiou, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi, B. Mikulec, J. Parra-Lopez, F. Roncarolo, J.L. Sanchez Alvarez, R. Scrivens, L. Timeo, R. Wegner
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

In December 2020 the newly commissioned LINAC4 started delivering beam for the CERN proton accelerator chain, replacing the old LINAC2. LINAC4 is a 352 MHz normal conducting linac, providing a beam of negative hydrogen ions at 160 MeV that are converted into protons at injection into the PS Booster synchrotron. In this paper we report on the achieved beam performance, availability, reproducibility and other operational aspects of LINAC4 during its first fully operational year. We also present the machine developments performed and the plans for future improvements.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST007

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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MOPOST037

Characterisation of Bunch-by-Bunch Tune Shift Effects in the CERN SPS

simulation, impedance, electron, kicker

148

I. Mases Solé, H. Bartosik, V. Kain, K. Paraschou, M. Schenk, C. Zannini
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

After the implementation of major upgrades as part of the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU), the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) delivers high intensity bunch trains with 25 ns bunch spacing to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. These beams are exposed to several collective effects in the SPS, such as beam coupling impedance, space charge and electron cloud, leading to relatively large bunch-by-bunch coherent and incoherent tune shifts. Tune correction to the nominal values at injection is crucial to ensure beam stability and good beam transmission. During the beam commissioning of the SPS, measurements of the bunch-by-bunch coherent tune shifts have been conducted under different beam conditions, together with appropriate corrections of the average tunes at each injection. In this paper, we describe the methodology that has been developed to acquire bunch-by-bunch position data and to perform online computations of the coherent tune spectra of each bunch using refined Fourier transform analysis. The experimental data are compared to multiparticle tracking simulations using the SPS impedance model, in view of developing an accurate model for tune correction in the SPS.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST037

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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MOPOST054

A Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat Lattice Design for SSRL-X

emittance, lattice, storage-ring, wiggler

207

J. Kim, X. Huang, P. Raimondi, J.A. Safranek, M. Song, K. Tian
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

We present a lattice design for SSRL-X which is a green-field low-emittance storage ring proposal. The lattice is based on the hybrid multi-bend achromat and has natural emittance of 63 pm with 24-cells periodicity and ~570 m circumference under 3.5 GeV energy. Modification on dedicated cells which lengthens straight sections but keeps the phase advance is explored to further reduce the natural emittance by inserting damping wigglers.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST054

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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MOPOST057

Characterization of the Vertical Beam Tails in the CERN PS Booster

resonance, emittance, space-charge, scattering

218

T. Prebibaj, F. Antoniou, F. Asvesta, H. Bartosik, C. Bracco, G.P. Di Giovanni, E. Renner
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) went through major upgrades in the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade Project (LIU) aiming to double the brightness of the LHC beams. Operation restarted in early 2021, demonstrating the expected performance improvement. The high-brightness beams, nevertheless, appear to have overpopulated tails in the vertical beam profiles, both at injection and at extraction energies. In an attempt to understand the origin and evolution of the observed tails, systematic profile measurements were performed for different machine and beam configurations using Wire Scanners (WS). The results are presented in this report and compared to simulations. The effect of the Coulomb scattering of the wire to the beam distribution is also addressed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST057

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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MOPOST058

Studies on the Vertical Half-Integer Resonance in the CERN PS Booster

resonance, space-charge, brightness, quadrupole

222

T. Prebibaj, F. Antoniou, F. Asvesta, H. Bartosik
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
G. Franchetti
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Following the upgrades of the LHC Injectors Upgrade Project (LIU), the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) at CERN successfully delivers beams with double brightness. An important contributing factor for this was the dynamic correction of the beta-beating induced by the injection chicane, which allowed stable operation closer to the half-integer resonance. Ideally, injection above the half-integer resonance could further improve the beam brightness. In this context, a series of studies were initiated in order to characterize the effects of space charge when crossing the half-integer resonance. In this contribution, the first results of these investigations are reported.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST058

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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MOPOPT022

Beam Dynamics of the Transparent Injection for the MAX IV 1.5 GeV Ring

septum, kicker, storage-ring, multipole

284

M. Apollonio, Å. Andersson, M. Brosi, D.K. Olsson, P.F. Tavares, A.S. Vorozhtsov
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Following the successful operation of the Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) in the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring, we plan to introduce a similar device in the MAX IV 1.5 GeV ring. In order to assess the effectiveness of such device and to define its working parameters, we performed a series of studies aimed at understanding the beam dynamics related to the injection process. In this paper we describe the optimization of the MIK working parameters, we study the resilience to tune shifts for a chosen injection scheme and illustrate some tests conducted to evaluate the ring acceptance. We conclude with remarks about the effects of magnet errors on key performance parameters such as the injection efficiency and perturbations to the size and divergence of the stored beam and a brief discussion on future work.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT022

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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MOPOPT023

Improved Emittance and Brightness for the MAX IV 3 GeV Storage Ring

lattice, emittance, storage-ring, brightness

288

M. Apollonio, Å. Andersson, M. Brosi, R. Lindvall, D.K. Olsson, M. Sjöström, R. Svärd, P.F. Tavares
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

At MAX IV Laboratory, the Swedish Synchrotron Radiation (SR) facility, the largest of two rings operates at 3 GeV with a bare lattice emittance of 330 pm rad. Upgrade plans are under consideration aiming at a gradual reduction of the emittance, in three stages: a short-term with an emittance reduction of 20% to 40%, a mid-term with an emittance reduction of more than 50% and a long-term with an emittance in the range of the diffraction limit for hard X-rays (10 keV). In this paper we focus on the short-term case, resuming previous work on a proposed lattice that can reach 270 pm rad emittance, with only minor modifications to the gradients of the magnets of the present ring, i.e. without any hardware changes and all within the present power supply limits. Linear lattice characterisation and calculations of key performance parameters, such as dynamic aperture and momentum aperture with errors, are described and compared to the present operating lattice. Experimental tests of injection into this lattice are also shown.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT023

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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MOPOPT027

Transverse and Longitudinal Profile Measurements at the KARA Booster Synchrotron

booster, synchrotron, diagnostics, microtron

304

D. El Khechen, E. Blomley, E. Bründermann, E. Huttel, A. Mochihashi, A.-S. Müller, M.-D. Noll, R. Ruprecht, P. Schreiber, M. Schuh, J.L. Steinmann, C. Widmann
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

In the booster synchrotron of the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA), the beam is injected from the microtron at 53 MeV and ramped up to 500 MeV. Though the injected beam current from the microtron to the booster seems good, the injection efficiency into the booster is currently low due to various effects. Consequently, an upgrade of the whole beam diagnostics system is taking place in the booster, in order to improve the injection efficiency through understanding the loss mechanisms and the behavior of bunches. Among these diagnostics tools are beam loss monitors, a transverse profile monitor and a longitudinal profile monitor. In this paper, we will describe the setups used for bunch profile measurements in both transverse and longitudinal planes and report on first data analysis results.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT027

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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MOPOPT032

Improvement of Matching Circuit for J-PARC Main Ring Injection Kicker Magnet

kicker, operation, simulation, impedance

316

T. Sugimoto, K. Ishii, S. Iwata, H. Matsumoto, T. Shibata
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

In this paper, present status of improvements of the impedance matching circuit for the J-PARC main ring injection kicker magnet to achieve 1.3MW beam operation planed after 2022 is described. In order to reduce the temperature-rise of resistors under the higher repetition rate pulse excitation, number of paralleled resistors was doubled and volume of each resistor was enlarged 2.6 times. Ceramic-made beads with diameter of 3 mm were filled in the cylinder of the resistor to increase the heat conductivity. An aluminum-made water-cooled heat sink was attached to the resistors directly and an air-cooling fan was mounted to the side of the box containing the resistors. All resistors and their support structure have been replaced in March 2022. Temperature-rise of resistors during continuous pulse excitation was measured by commercial thermo camera and compared with numerical calculations. In addition, predictions about the beam induced heating of the resistors are discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT032

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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MOPOPT051

Optical Fiber Based Beam Loss Monitor for SPS Machine

radiation, beam-losses, septum, operation

374

T. Pulampong, W. Phacheerak, P. Sudmuang, N. Suradet
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

At the Siam Photon Source (SPS) beam loss monitors based on PIN diode have been used. The existing system allow beam loss detection very locally at the monitor position close to the vacuum chamber. For optical fiber, Cherenkov radiation can be detected when a lost particle travel in the fiber. Thus optical fiber based loss monitor with sufficient length can cover parts of the machine conveniently. Fast beam loss event can be detected with more accurate position. In this paper, the design and result of the optical fiber based beam loss monitor system at SPS machine are discussed. The system will be a prototype for the new 3 GeV machine SPS-II.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT051

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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MOPOTK004

Status of the Soleil Upgrade Lattice Robustness Studies

lattice, MMI, simulation, optics

433

O.R. Blanco-García
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
D. Amorim, A. Loulergue, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
M.A. Deniaud
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom

The SOLEIL synchrotron has entered its Technical Design Report (TDR) phase for the upgrade of its storage ring to a fourth generation synchrotron light source. Verification of the equipment specifications (alignment, magnets, power supplies, BPMs), and the methodology for optics corrections are critical in order to ensure the feasibility of rapid commissioning restoring full performance for daily operations. The end-to-end simulation, from beam threading in the first turns to beam storage and stacking, should be handled with a comprehensive model close to the actual commissioning procedure, taking into account all practical steps. During 2021 and 2022, the CDR lattice has undergone significant modifications in response to additional constraints. In this paper, we present an update of the robustness studies for the TDR baseline lattice.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK004

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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MOPOTK006

Off-Energy Operation for the ESRF-EBS Storage Ring

optics, SRF, sextupole, lattice

437

L. Hoummi, T. Brochard, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, J. Chavanne, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, R. Versteegen, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France
P. Raimondi
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

The ESRF-EBS is the first 4th generation source making use of the Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat (HMBA) lattice cell, reaching an equilibrium horizontal emittance of 140 pm.rad in user mode (insertion devices (ID) gaps open). The injection in the storage ring (SR) is conducted with a short booster, operated off-energy. The RF frequency is increased compared to the nominal one to put the beam on a dispersive orbit, thus going off-axis in quadrupoles. The induced dipolar feed down effects reduce the booster horizontal emittance. The same strategy is extended to the ESRF-EBS SR, for an expected emittance reduction of about 20 pm.rad. A first approach shifts the RF frequency by +300 Hz to operate at -1% energy offset. Optimal quadrupole and sextupole settings are defined for this off-energy operation based on simulations. The settings are then tested in the SR in terms of dynamic aperture and injection efficiency.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK006

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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MOPOTK007

Reverse Bend Option for a 6 GeV Storage Ring Lattice

emittance, lattice, SRF, dynamic-aperture

441

L. Hoummi, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, F. Cianciosi, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Several high-energy synchrotron facilities adopted the Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat scheme (HMBA) developed at and for the ESRF-EBS [LATTICE]. The considered lattice has been developed for a generic 6 GeV storage ring (SR) of 1100m circumference. It includes a short bending (SB) magnet at the center of the cell, and achieves a ∼ §I{70}{πco\metre\radian} equilibrium horizontal emittance. The optics of such SR are modified introducing reverse bending magnets to further reduce the natural horizontal emittance to §I{53}{πco\metre\radian}. The impact of such modification on dynamic aperture and lifetime is assessed and optimized.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK007

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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MOPOTK014

Optics of a Recirculating Beamline for MESA

experiment, target, optics, scattering

465

C.P. Stoll, A. Meseck
KPH, Mainz, Germany

The Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator (MESA) is an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) facility under construction at the Johannes Gutenberg-University in Mainz. It provides the opportunity for precision physics experiments with a 1 mA c.w. electron beam in its initial phase. In this phase experiments with unpolarised, high-density 10¹⁹ atoms per cm² gas jet targets are foreseen at the Mainz Gas Internal Target Experiment (MAGIX). To allow experiments with thin polarised gas targets with sufficiently high interaction rates in a later phase, the beam current must be increased to up to 100 mA, which would pose significant challenges to the existing ERL machine. Thus, it is proposed here to use MESA in pulsed operation with a repetition rate of several kHz to fill a recirculating beamline, providing a quasi c.w. beam current to a thin gas target. The optics necessary for this recirculating beamline are presented here.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK014

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Received ※ 01 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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MOPOTK017

Update of Lattice Design of the SPring-8-II Storage Ring Towards 50 pmrad

emittance, lattice, storage-ring, undulator

477

K. Soutome
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
T. Hiraiwa, H. Tanaka
RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan

The storage ring lattice of SPring-8-II has been under optimization towards a low emittance of around 50 pmrad, which was initially set at 150 pmrad*. The optimization concept is based on the effective use of extra-radiation damping from damping wigglers installed in the four long straight sections each 30 m long in length. For this purpose, we have been re-optimizing the linear and nonlinear optics so as to reduce the radiation loss from the bending magnets. In parallel, since the emittance variation due to the gap change of the IDs can be an obstacle for conducting precise experiments, we are investigating a new passive method to suppress the emittance variation without any feedback system. In the paper, we report on these details.
*SPring-8-II Conceptual Design Report (2014), http://rsc.riken.jp/pdf/SPring-8-II.pdf

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK017

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Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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MOPOTK030

Beam Optics Modelling Through Fringe Fields During Injection and Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron

extraction, focusing, proton, simulation

511

E.P. Johnson, M.G. Atanasov, Y. Dutheil, M.A. Fraser, E. Oponowicz
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

As the beam is injected and extracted from the CERN Proton Synchrotron, it passes through the fringing magnetic fields of the main bending units (MUs). In this study, tracking simulations using field maps created from a 3D magnetic model of the MUs are compared to beam based measurements made through the fast injection and slow extraction regions. The behaviour of the fringe field is characterised and its implementation in the MAD-X model of the machine is described.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK030

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022

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MOPOTK060

An Induction-Type Septum Magnet for the EIC Complex

septum, induction, electron, extraction

603

N. Tsoupas, D. Holmes, C. Liu, I. Marneris, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, J.E. Tuozzolo
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
B. Bhandari
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The electron Ion Collider (eIC) project* has been approved by the Department of Energy to be built at the site of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Part of the eIC accelerator complex and more specifically the Rapid Cycling Syncrotron (RCS) which accelerates the electron beam up to 18 GeV and the electron Storage Ring (eSR) which stores the electron beam bunces for collisions with the hadrons, will be built inside the tunnel of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)**. This paper provides information on the electromagnetic design of the septa magnets which will be employed to inject and extract the beam to and from the two synchrotrons used for the acceleration and storage of the electron beam bunches. The type of the septum is of induction type made o laminated iron and it is similar to the one described in ref.[3] The electromagnetic study is performed by the use of the transient module of the OPERA computer code***.
* https://ww.bnl.gov/eic/
** A. Zhuravlev, et al. PIPAC2013, Shanghai, China
*** https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/opera/

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK060

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Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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TUOZGD2

A Compact Synchrotron for Advanced Cancer Therapy with Helium and Proton Beams

synchrotron, proton, extraction, dipole

811

M. Vretenar, M.E. Angoletta, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, L. Bottura, K. Paļskis, R.L. Taylor, G. Tranquille
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Benedetto
SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland
G. Bisoffi
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
M. Sapinski
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Recent years have seen an increased interest in the use of helium for radiation therapy of cancer. Helium ions can be more precisely delivered to the tumour than protons or carbon ions, presently the only beams licensed for treatment, with a biological effectiveness between the two. The accelerator required for helium is considerably smaller than a standard carbon ion synchrotron. To exploit the potential of helium therapy and of other emerging particle therapy techniques, in the framework of the Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS) at CERN the design of a compact synchrotron optimised for acceleration of proton and helium beams has been investigated. The synchrotron is based on a new magnet design, profits from a novel injector linac, and can provide both slow and fast extraction for conventional and FLASH therapy. Production of mini-beams, and operation with multiple ions for imaging and treatment are also considered. This accelerator is intended to become the main element of a facility devoted to a programme of cancer research and treatment with proton and helium beams, to both cure patients and contribute to the assessment of helium beams as a new tool to fight cancer.

Slides TUOZGD2 [1.940 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOZGD2

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022

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TUPOST001

Parasitic Optimization of the Transfer Beamline Efficiency at ELSA

target, electron, synchrotron, controls

835

S. Witt, K. Desch, D. Elsner, D. Proft
ELSA, Bonn, Germany

The 3.2 GeV electron accelerator ELSA in Bonn consists of three acceleration stages each interconnected by tunable transfer beamlines. The steering of the electron beam through the transfer line from linear accelerator to the Booster Synchrotron is currently adjusted by hand, which limits a systematic improvement of the transfer efficiency. An automated optimization using the ‘‘simulated annealing’’ technique has been developed and integrated into the control system to improve the situation. It allows for a continuous optimization without interfering with usual beamtime for experiments by utilizing the 6s off-time in between injections into the stretcher ring. In a simulation using the actual accelerator’s settings as starting parameters, transmission rates have been increased significantly. The methods and results with the accelerator hardware are presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST001

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUPOST006

Frequency-Dependent RF Voltage Calibration Using Longitudinal Tomography in the CERN PSB

cavity, synchrotron, extraction, flattop

845

D. Quartullo, S.C.P. Albright, H. Damerau
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Longitudinal phase-space tomography reconstructs the phase-space distribution from a set of bunch profiles and the accelerator parameters, which includes the RF voltage. The quality of the reconstruction depends on the accuracy to which these parameters are known. Therefore, it can be used for beam-based RF voltage calibration by analysing oscillations of a mismatched bunch. The actual RF voltage may be different from the programmed one due to uncertainties of the electrical gap voltage measurements and intensity effects. Tomography-based RF voltage calibration was systematically performed with low-intensity bunches in all four rings of the PS Booster (PSB) at injection and extraction energy. For each of the three RF cavities present in a given ring, the calibration was performed separately to extract the voltage errors while avoiding any influence of phase misalignments. The number of synchrotron oscillation periods available for the voltage calibration was constrained by the short duration of the PSB flat-bottom and top. Longitudinal beam dynamics simulations using the full PSB impedance model were performed to benchmark the results provided by the calibrations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST006

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Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022

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TUPOST007

New Generation of Very Low Noise Beam Position Measurement System for the LHC Transverse Feedback

pick-up, feedback, controls, operation

849

D. Valuch
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
V. Stopjakova
Slovak University of Technology (STU), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Recent studies showed that the transverse feedback system noise floor in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) must be reduced by at least factor of two in order to operate the machine with large beam-beam tune shift as foreseen in the High Luminosity (HL) LHC. Also, the future feedback system foreseen to suppress the LHC Crab Cavity noise relies on improved noise performance of the beam position measurement system. An upgrade program was launched to lower the LHC transverse feedback system noise floor during the LHC Long Shutdown II. A new generation, very low noise beam position measurement module was developed and tested with beam. Innovative methods in the RF receiver, digital signal processing, thorough optimization of every element in the signal chain from pickup to the kickers allowed to achieve a significant reduction of the system noise floor. This unprecedented noise performance opens also new possibilities for auxiliary instruments, using the position data from the transverse feedback. The paper presents the new system, notable implementation details and measured performance.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST007

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Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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TUPOST022

The CERN SPS Low Level RF: Lead Ions Acceleration

cavity, acceleration, LLRF, controls

899

P. Baudrenghien, J. Egli, G. Hagmann, A. Spierer, T. Włostowski
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

This paper is the third of a series of three on the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF). Its focus is the upgrade concerned with the acceleration of Lead ions for injection into the LHC. Lead ions are far from relativistic at injection into the SPS. Therefore, the classic acceleration scheme at constant harmonic number (h=4620) does not work as the RF frequency swing does not fit within the cavity bandwidth. Fixed Frequency Acceleration (FFA) is therefore used. The upgraded LLRF uses a completely new implementation of the FFA, based on a Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO) implemented as an FPGA IP in the Controller of each cavity. In addition, the 2022 scheme for LHC ions filling calls for slip stacking of two families of bunches, 100 ns spacing, to generate a 50 ns spacing after interleaving. The paper presents the key components for FFA and ions slip stacking as implemented in the new system, together with successful first tests performed in Autumn 2021.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST022

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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TUPOST031

Online Optimization of the Transfer Line from UNILAC towards SIS18 at GSI Using a Genetic Autotune Algorithm

simulation, experiment, lattice, controls

922

S. Reimann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
S. Reimann
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Due to the complexity of GSI’s accelerator facilities and it’s upcoming expansion FAIR, various methods for optimizing accelerator settings are currently being studied to increase efficiency and to minimize the need for manual intervention. Besides a necessary improvement of the accelerator models, a better reproducibility of settings and the development of feedback systems, also heuristic methods are in the focus of the investigation. This work presents the results, recently achieved in optimizing the transfer line from UNILAC to SIS18 using the Autotune algorithm.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST031

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Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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TUPOST032

SLS 2.0, the Upgrade of the Swiss Light Source

emittance, lattice, storage-ring, quadrupole

925

A. Streun
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The Swiss Light Source (SLS) will be upgraded by replacing the storage ring in the existing hall in 2023–24. The SLS lattice build from 12~triple-bend arcs operating at 2.4 GeV is replaced by a 12x7-BA lattice operating at 2.7 GeV to increase hard X-ray brightness by a factor 60. The layout is constrained by the existing tunnel to 288 m circumference, nevertheless a low emittance of 158 pm is realized using longitudinal gradient and reverse bends. Dynamic aperture is sufficient to start with classical injection based on a 4-kicker bump. An upgrade path for on-axis injection with fast kickers has been implemented. Small beam pipes of 18 mm inner diameter and corresponding reduction of magnet bores, and the use of permanent magnets for all bending magnets enables a densely packed lattice and contributes most to a reduction of total power consumption of the facility by 30%.
On behalf of the SLS 2.0 Team. Technical Design Report: https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/psi/islandora/object/psi%3A39635

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST032

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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TUPOST037

Reconstruction of Transverse Phase Space From Transverse Feedback Data for Real Time Extraction of Vital LHC Machine Parameters

feedback, pick-up, real-time, betatron

937

G. Kotzian, M.E. Soderen, P.S. Solvang, D. Valuch
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
V. Stopjakova
Slovak University of Technology (STU), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

The LHC transverse feedback system (ADT) provides bunch by bunch, turn by turn, normalized and digitized beam position signals from four pick-ups per plane and for each beam. Together with already existing powerful computer-based observation systems, this data can be used to reconstruct in real-time the transverse phase space coordinates of the centre-of-charges, for each individual bunch. Such information is extremely valuable for machine operation, or transverse instability diagnostics. This paper aims on discussing and evaluating methods of combining four position signals for such analysis in the presence of noise and with active transverse feedback. Comparisons are made based on the extraction of vital parameters like the fractional tune or transverse activity. Analytical and numerical results are further benchmarked against real beam data.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST037

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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TUPOST040

Automated Intensity Optimisation Using Reinforcement Learning at LEIR

linac, target, operation, electron

941

N. Madysa, R. Alemany-Fernández, N. Biancacci, B. Goddard, V. Kain, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

High intensities in the CERN Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) are achieved by stacking up to seven consecutive multi-turn injections from Linac3. Two inclined septa combined with a collapsing horizontal orbit bump allow a 6-D phase space painting via a linearly ramped mean momentum along the Linac3 pulse and injection at high dispersion. The beam is cooled and dragged longitudinally via electron cooling (e-cooling) into a stacking momentum. For optimal accumulation, the electron energy and trajectory need to match the ion energy and orbit at the e-cooler section. In this paper, a reinforcement learning (RL) agent is trained to adjust various e-cooler and Linac3 parameters to maximise the intensity at the end of the injection plateau. Variational Auto-Encoders (VAE) are used to compress longitudinal Schottky spectra into a compact representation as input for the RL agent. The RL agent is pre-trained on a surrogate model of the LEIR e-cooling dynamics, which in turn is learned from the data collected for the training of the VAE. The performance of the VAE, the surrogate model, and the RL agent is investigated in this paper. An overview of planned tests in the upcoming LEIR runs is given.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST040

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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TUPOST044

Fortune Telling or Physics Prediction? Deep Learning for On-Line Kicker Temperature Forecasting

kicker, operation, simulation, network

957

F.M. Velotti, M.J. Barnes, B. Goddard, I. Revuelta
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The injection kicker system MKP of the Super Proton Synchrotron SPS at CERN is composed of 4 kicker tanks. The MKP-L tank provides additional kick needed to inject 26 GeV Large Hadron Collider LHC 25 ns type beams. This device has been a limiting factor for operation with high intensity, due to the magnet’s broadband beam coupling impedance and consequent beam induced heating. To optimise the usage of the SPS and avoid idle (kicker cooling) time, studies were conducted to develop a recurrent deep learning model that could predict the measured temperature evolution of the MKP-L, using the beam conditions and temperature history as input. In a second stage, the ferrite temperature is also estimated putting together the external temperature predictions from accurate thermo-mechanical simulations of the kicker magnet. In this paper, the methodology is described and details of the neural network architecture used, together with the implementation of an ad-hoc loss function, are given. The results applied to the SPS 2021 operational data are presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST044

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022

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TUPOPT057

Using Surrogate Models to Assist Accelerator Tuning at ISIS

simulation, synchrotron, controls, operation

1133

A.A. Saoulis, K.R.L. Baker, H.V. Cavanagh, R.E. Williamson
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S. Basak, J. Cha, J. Thiyagalingam
STFC/RAL/SCD, Didcot, United Kingdom

Funding: STFC and UKRI
High intensity hadron accelerator performance is often dominated by the need to minimise and control beam losses. Operator efforts to tune the machine during live operation are often restricted to local parameter space searches, while existing physics-based simulations are generally too computationally expensive to aid tuning in real-time. To this end, Machine Learning-based surrogate models can be trained on data produced by physics-based simulations, and serve to produce fast, accurate predictions of key beam properties, such as beam phase and bunch shape over time. These models can be used as a virtual diagnostic tool to explore the parameter space of the accelerator in real-time, without making changes on the live machine. At the ISIS Neutron and Muon source, major beam losses in the synchrotron are caused by injection and longitudinal trapping processes, as well as high intensity effects. This paper describes the training and inference performance of a neural network surrogate model of the longitudinal beam dynamics in the ISIS synchrotron, from injection at 70 MeV to 800 MeV extraction, and evaluates the model’s ability to assist accelerator tuning.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT057

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

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TUPOPT064

Online Optimization of NSLS-II Dynamic Aperture and Injection Transient

kicker, timing, sextupole, lattice

1159

X. Yang, B. Bacha, S. Buda, C. Danneil, A.A. Derbenev, D.J. Durfee, K. Ha, Y. Hidaka, Y. Hu, Y. Li, D. Padrazo Jr, F. Plassard, T.V. Shaftan, V.V. Smaluk, Y. Tian, G.M. Wang, L.H. Yu
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

The goal of the NSLS-II online optimization project is to improve the beam quality for the user experiments. To increase the beam lifetime and injection efficiency, we have developed a model-independent online optimization of nonlinear beam dynamics using advanced algorithms, such as Robust Conjugate-Gradient Algorithm (RCDS). The optimization objective is the injection efficiency and optimization variables are the sextupole magnet strengths. Using the online optimization technique, we increased the NSLS-II dynamic aperture and reduced the amplitude-dependent tune shift. Recently, the sextupole optimization was successfully applied to double the injection efficiency up to above 90% for the high-chromaticity lattice being developed to improve the beam stability and to in-crease the single-bunch beam intensity. Minimizing the beam perturbation during injection is the second objective in this project, realized by online optimization of the injection kickers. To optimize the full set of kicker parameters, including the trigger timing, amplitude, and pulse width, we upgraded all kicker power supplies with the capability of tunable waveform width. As a result, we have reduced the injection transient by a factor of 29, down to the limit of 60 um.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT064

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Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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TUPOPT068

Transverse and Longitudinal Modulation of Photoinjection Pulses at FLUTE

laser, electron, cathode, controls

1174

M. Nabinger, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, C. Sax, J. Schäfer, C. Widmann, C. Xu
KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Funding: Supported by the Doctoral School "Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology" (KSETA).
To generate the electrons to be accelerated, a photoinjection laser is used at the linac-based test facility FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test Experiment) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The properties of the laser pulse, such as intensity, laser spot size or temporal profile, are the first parameters to influence the characteristics of the electron bunches. In order to control the initial parameters of the electrons in the most flexible way possible, the laser optics at FLUTE are therefore supplemented by additional setups that allow transverse and longitudinal laser pulse shaping by using so-called Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs). In the future, the control of the SLMs will be integrated into a Machine Learning (ML) supported feedback system for the optimization of the electron bunch properties. In this contribution the first test experiments and results on laser pulse shaping at FLUTE on the way to this project are presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT068

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022

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TUPOTK057

Innovative Magnetron Power Sources for Superconducting RF (SRF) Accelerators

SRF, controls, cavity, operation

1348

M.L. Neubauer, R.P. Johnson, R.R. Lentz, M. Popovic, T. Wynn
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by DOE SBIR grant # DE-SC0022484
A magnetron suitable for 1497 MHz klystron replacements at Jefferson Lab will be constructed and tested with our novel patented subcritical voltage operation methods to drive an SRF cavity. The critical areas of magnetron manufacturing and design affecting life-cycle costs that will be modeled for improvement include: Q_ext, filaments, magnetic field, vane design, and novel control of outgassing. The most immediate benefit of this project is to make SRF accelerator projects more affordable for NP and other users of SRF Linacs. One of the most attractive commercial applications for SRF accelerators is to drive subcritical nuclear reactors to burn Light Water Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel (LWR SNF). A 1 GeV proton beam hitting an internal uranium spallation neutron target can produce over 30 neutrons for each incident proton to allow the reactor to operate far below criticality to generate electricity or process heat while reducing high-level waste disposal costs. This commercial application has the additional attribute of addressing climate change.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK057

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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TUPOMS004

TDR Baseline Lattice for the Upgrade of SOLEIL

lattice, emittance, synchrotron, coupling

1393

A. Loulergue, D. Amorim, O.R. Blanco-García, P. Brunelle, W. Foosang, A. Gamelin, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka, R. Ollier, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Previous CDR studies for the SOLEIL Upgrade project have converged towards a lattice alternating 7BA and 4BA HOA type cells providing a low natural horizontal emittance value in the 80 pm.rad range at an energy of 2.75 GeV. This lattice adapts to the current tunnel geometry as well as to preserve as much as possible the present beamline positions. The TDR lattice is an evolution of the CDR one including longer short straight sections, better relative magnet positioning, and the replacement quadrupole triplets by quadruplets for improving flexibility of optics matching in straight section. The SOLEIL upgrade TDR lattice is then composed of 20 HOA cells with a two-fold symmetry, and provides 20 straight sections having four different lengths of 3.0, 4.2, 8.0, and 8.2 m. This paper reports the linear and the non-linear beam dynamic optimization based on intense MOGA investigations, mainly to improve the energy acceptance required to keep a large enough Touschek beam lifetime. Some future directions for performance improvement are discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS004

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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TUPOMS005

SOLEIL Machine Status and Upgrade

lattice, photon, synchrotron, vacuum

1397

L.S. Nadolski, G. Abeillé, Y.-M. Abiven, F. Bouvet, P. Brunelle, N. Béchu, M.-E. Couprie, X. Delétoille, S. Duigou, A. Gamelin, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, M. Labat, J.-F. Lamarre, V. Le Roux, A. Lestrade, A. Loulergue, O. Marcouillé, F. Marteau, A. Nadji, R. Nagaoka, M. Nouna, Y. Rahier, F. Ribeiro, G. Schaguene, K. Tavakoli, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
S. Ducourtieux
LNE, Trappes Cedex, France

SOLEIL is both a 2.75 GeV third generation synchrotron light source and a research laboratory at the forefront of experimental techniques dedicated to matter analysis down to the atomic scale, as well as a service platform open to all scientific and industrial communities. We present the performance of the accelerators delivering extremely stable photon beams to 29 beamlines. We report on the commissioning of a superbend magnet replacing a standard 1.71T dipole with a 2.84 T narrow peak permanent magnet-based dipole. It required local modification of the lattice to compensate linear and nonlinear optics distortions introduced by the new magnet field. The latest measurements made with a Multipole Injection Kicker are also reported. Work on the NEG test bench and its dedicated front-end for a 10 mm inner diameter vacuum pipe and other major R&D areas are also addressed in the frame of the SOLEIL upgrade.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS005

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Received ※ 10 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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TUPOMS007

A Long Booster Option for the ESRF-EBS 6 GeV Storage Ring

booster, SRF, lattice, storage-ring

1405

S.M. Liuzzo, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, L. Hoummi, T.P. Perron, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Despite the several fruitful upgrades undergone, the present injector complex of the ESRF-EBS has a rather large horizontal natural emittance at extraction of >60nmrad. Several light sources (SLS, ALBA, SIRIUS) have adopted booster injectors fitting in the same tunnel as the main SR. The study of such an injector is shown in this paper for the ESRF-EBS. The proposed solution is based on a DBA lattice structure with 5 quadrupole families and 2 sextupole families. The possibility to install this long booster on the internal wall of the ESRF storage ring tunnel is assessed and the adequate distances are analyzed. The possibility to keep the existing injector is also considered in order to use this additional ring as an accumulator ring. Injection and extraction schemes are described.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS007

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Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022

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TUPOMS009

First Year of Operation of the ESRF-EBS Ligth Source

operation, SRF, emittance, cavity

1413

J.-L. Revol, C. Benabderrahmane, P.B. Borowiec, E. Buratin, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, A. D’Elia, M. Dubrulle, F. Ewald, A. Franchi, G. Gautier, L. Hardy, L. Hoummi, J. Jacob, L. Jolly, G. Le Bec, I. Leconte, S.M. Liuzzo, M. Morati, T.P. Perron, Q. Qin, B. Roche, K.B. Scheidt, V. Serrière, R. Versteegen, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility - Extremely Brilliant Source (ESRF-EBS) is a facility upgrade allowing its scientific users to take advantage of the first high-energy 4th generation light source. In December 2018, after 30 years of operation, the beam stopped for a 12-month shutdown to dismantle the old storage ring and to install the new X-ray source. On 25 August 2020, the user programme was restarted with beam parameters very close to nominal values. This paper reports on the present operation performance of the source, highlighting the ongoing and planned development.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS009

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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TUPOMS019

Collimation Strategy for the Low-Emittance PETRA IV Storage Ring

kicker, collimation, undulator, emittance

1445

M.A. Jebramcik, I.V. Agapov, S.A. Antipov, R. Bartolini, R. Brinkmann, D. Einfeld, T. Hellert, J. Keil
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The beam-intensity losses in the proposed PETRA IV electron storage ring that will replace DESY’s synchrotron light source PETRA III will be dominated by the Touschek effect due to the high bunch density. The beam lifetime will only be in the range of 5 h in the timing mode (80 high-intensity bunches) leading to a maximum power loss of ~170 mW along the storage ring (excluding injection losses). To avoid the demagnetization of the permanent-magnet undulators and combined-function magnets, this radiation-sensitive hardware has to be shielded against losses as well as possible. Such shielding elongates the lifetime of the hardware and consequently reduces the time and the resources that are spent on maintenance once PETRA IV is operational. This contribution presents options for collimator locations, e.g., at the dispersion bump in the achromat cell, to reduce the exposure to losses from the Touschek effect and the injection process. This contribution also quantifies the risk of damaging the installed collimation system in case of hardware failure, e.g., RF cavity or quadrupole failure, since the beam with an emittance of 20 pm could damage collimators if there is no emittance blow-up.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS019

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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TUPOMS027

ALBA II Acelerator Upgrade Project

emittance, lattice, storage-ring, cavity

1467

F. Pérez, I. Bellafont, G. Benedetti, J. Campmany, M. Carlà, J.J. Casas, C. Colldelram, F.F.B. Fernández, J.C. Giraldo, T.F. Günzel, U. Iriso, J. Marcos, Z. Martí, V. Massana, R. Muñoz Horta, M. Pont, L. Ribó, P. Solans, L. Torino
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

ALBA is working on the upgrade project that shall transform the actual storage ring, in operation since 2012, into a 4th generation light source, in which the soft X-rays part of the spectrum shall be diffraction limited. The project has been officially launched in 2021 and a White Paper presenting the main concepts of the upgrade has been published in Spring 2022. The storage ring upgrade is based on a 6BA lattice which has to comply with several constraints imposed by the decision of maintaining the same circumference (269 m), the same number of cells (16), the same beam energy (3 GeV), and as many of the source points as possible unperturbed. The lattice optimization has achieved an emittance of 140 pm.rad, which is a factor 30 smaller than that of the existing ring, but with an array compactness that presents technological challenges for the magnets, vacuum, diagnostics, RF systems and injection elements designs that are being investigated through an intensive R&D program.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS027

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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TUPOMS032

Performance of the Diamond-II Storage Ring Collimators

scattering, storage-ring, lattice, collimation

1487

H. Ghasem, J. Kallestrup, I.P.S. Martin
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Particle losses in a storage ring are unavoidable and it is very important to capture them and protect the machine from any possible damage. For this purpose, 6 collimators have been introduced in the Diamond-II storage ring lattice. This paper describes the main layout of the collimators with their corresponding impact and performance.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS032

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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TUPOMS033

Diamond-II Storage Ring Developments and Performance Studies

lattice, storage-ring, MMI, impedance

1491

I.P.S. Martin, H.C. Chao, R.T. Fielder, H. Ghasem, J. Kallestrup, T. Olsson, B. Singh, S.W. Wang
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The Diamond-II project includes a replacement of the existing double-bend achromat storage ring with a modified hybrid 6-bend achromat, doubling the number of straight sections and increasing the photon beam brightness by up to two orders of magnitude*. The design and performance characterisation of the new storage ring has continued to progress, including a switch to an aperture-sharing injection scheme, freezing the magnet layout, studying the impact of IDs, developing a commissioning procedure and investigating collective effects. In this paper we present an overview of these studies, including final performance estimates.
*Diamond-II Technical Design Report, Diamond Light Source Ltd.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS033

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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TUPOMS055

A Modernized Architecture for the Post Mortem System at CERN

database, operation, controls, framework

1557

J.F. Barth, F. Bogyai, J.C. Garnier, M.L. Majewski, T. Martins Ribeiro, A. Mnich, M.P. Pocwierz, R.S. Selvek, R. Simpson, A. Stanisz, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The control system of the accelerators at CERN stores and analyses more than 200 million dumps of high resolution data recordings every year in the Post Mortem (PM) system. A continuous increase in the complexity of the Large Hadron Collider’s (LHC) systems and the desire to collect more accurate data requires continuous improvement of the PM system. Recently, the PM system has been modernized ahead of the third operational Run of the LHC. The upgraded system implements well known data engineering principles such as horizontal scaling, stateless services and readiness for extensions. This paper recalls the purpose of the PM service and its current use cases. It presents its modernized architecture, reviews the current performance and limitations of the system, and draws perspectives for the next steps in its evolution.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS055

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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WEIYGD1

Achievements and Performance Prospects of the Upgraded LHC Injectors

MMI, brightness, proton, kicker

1610

V. Kain, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, F. Antoniou, T. Argyropoulos, F. Asvesta, B. Balhan, M.J. Barnes, D. Barrientos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, A. Boccardi, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, D.G. Cotte, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, M.A. Fraser, A. Funken, B. Goddard, G. Hagmann, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, M. Jaussi, I. Karpov, T. Koevener, D. Küchler, J.-B. Lallement, A. Lasheen, T.E. Levens, K.S.B. Li, A.M. Lombardi, N. Madysa, E. Mahner, M. Meddahi, L. Mether, B. Mikulec, J.C. Molendijk, E. Montesinos, D. Nisbet, F.-X. Nuiry, G. Papotti, K. Paraschou, F. Pedrosa, T. Prebibaj, S. Prodon, D. Quartullo, E. Renner, F. Roncarolo, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, P.K. Skowroński, A. Spierer, F. Tecker, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner, C. Zannini
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

To provide HL-LHC performance, the CERN LHC injector chain underwent a major upgrade during an almost 2-year-long shutdown. In the first half of 2021 the injectors were gradually re-started with the aim to reach at least pre-shutdown parameters for LHC as well as for fixed target beams. The strategy of the commissioning across the complex, a summary of the many challenges and finally the achievements will be presented. Several lessons were learned and have been integrated to define the strategy for the performance ramp-up over the coming years. Remaining limitations and prospects for LHC beam parameters at the exit of the LHC injector chain in the years to come will be discussed. Finally, the emerging need for improved operability of the CERN complex will be addressed, with a description of the first efforts to meet the availability and flexibility requirements of the HL-LHC era while at the same time maximizing fixed target physics output.

Slides WEIYGD1 [5.905 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIYGD1

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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WEOYGD1

Recent Results of Beam Loss Mitigation and Extremely Low Beam Loss Operation of J-PARC RCS

scattering, operation, radiation, proton

1616

P.K. Saha, H. Harada, T. Nakanoya, K. Okabe, H. Okita, Y. Shobuda, F. Tamura, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
H. Hotchi
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

In the 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) of J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex), multi-turn charge-exchange injection of H⁻ by using a thin stripper foil is performed to achieve high-intensity proton beam of 1 MW. The beam loss at 1 MW has already been well controlled, but for further minimizing both uncontrolled and controlled beam losses caused by the foil scattering of the circulating beam, recently we have implemented a lower vertical injection beam size and installed a corresponding smaller size stripper foil. A smaller foil gives a significant reduction of the foil scattering uncontrolled beam loss at the injection area, while an optimization of the vertical transverse painting area matching with a smaller beam size further gives an extremely reduction of the beam loss at the collimator section. The corresponding residual radiation at the recent operation with 700 kW beam power was also measured to extremely reduced.

Slides WEOYGD1 [1.161 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYGD1

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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WEOYSP3

Operation Experience with SESAME RF System

cavity, operation, LLRF, controls

1636

D.S. Foudeh, A.I. Kurdi, N.Kh. Sawai
SESAME, Allan, Jordan

SESAME RF system has been in operation since 2017 where the operational electron beam current has been increased from 100mA to 300mA since then. The higher operational beam current together with the need to have longer beam lifetime to reduce number of injections per day required higher forward RF power, On the other hand; more attention needed to be paid to monitor and tackle the current driven High Order Modes and to respect the limitation on the forward RF power coming from the solid state amplifiers. In this paper we describe the RF system and report on the challenges we faced in addition to the operational experience we had with the RF system and solid state amplifiers.

Slides WEOYSP3 [4.207 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOYSP3

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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WEOZSP3

Measurements of Radiation Fields From a Ceramic Break

simulation, radiation, impedance, synchrotron

1663

Y. Shobuda, S. Hatakeyama, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
T. Toyama
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

Ceramic breaks are used in synchrotrons for many purposes. For example, they are inserted between the Multi-Wire Profile Monitor (MWPM) on the injection line at the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) in J-PARC to completely prevent the wall currents accompanying beams from affecting the MWPM. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of suppressing beam impedances and the radiation fields from the ceramic breaks, it would be preferable that the inner surface of the ceramic break is coated with Titanium Nitride (TiN), or covered over capacitors. In this report, we measure the radiation fields from the ceramic break with and without capacitors as well as the beam profile and investigate the effect of the ceramic breaks on the measurements.

Slides WEOZSP3 [35.441 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEOZSP3

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Received ※ 12 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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WEPOST008

Optics Correction Strategy for Run 3 of the LHC

optics, coupling, MMI, quadrupole

1687

T.H.B. Persson, F.S. Carlier, A. Costa Ojeda, J. Dilly, V. Ferrentino, E. Fol, H. García Morales, M. Hofer, E.J. Høydalsvik, J. Keintzel, M. Le Garrec, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, F. Soubelet, R. Tomás García, A. Wegscheider, L. van Riesen-Haupt
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
J.F. Cardona
UNAL, Bogota D.C, Colombia

After almost 4 years of shutdown the LHC is again operational in 2022. Experience from the previous Long Shutdown (LS) has shown that the local errors around the triplet magnets changed significantly and it is likely we will again see different errors in 2022. In the LHC there is an interplay between the linear and the nonlinear correction which can make the corrections difficult and time-consuming to find. In this article, we describe the measurements and corrections performed during the commissioning in 2022 in order to control both the linear and the nonlinear optics to high precision.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST008

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 25 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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WEPOST011

Studies on Top-Up Injection into the FCC-ee Collider Ring

kicker, optics, collider, lattice

1699

P.J. Hunchak, M.J. Boland
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
M. Aiba
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
W. Bartmann, Y. Dutheil, M. Hofer, R.L. Ramjiawan, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M.J. Boland
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

In order to maximize the luminosity production time in the FCC-ee, top-up injection will be employed. The positron and electron beams will be accelerated to the collision energy in the booster ring before being injected with either a small transverse or longitudinal separation to the stored beam. Using this scheme essentially keeps the beam current constant and, apart from a brief period during the injection process, collision data can be continuously acquired. Two top-up injection schemes, each with on- and off-momentum sub-schemes, viable for FCC-ee have been identified in the past and are studied in further detail to find a suitable design for each of the four operation modes of the FCC-ee. In this paper, injection straight optics, initial injection tracking studies and the effect on the stored beam are presented. Additionally, a basic proxy error lattice is introduced as a first step to studying injection into an imperfect machine.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST011

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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WEPOST014

Studies on Pre-Computation of SPS-to-LHC Transfer Line Corrections

extraction, target, proton, closed-orbit

1711

C. Bracco, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The injection process in the LHC gives a non-negligible contribution to the turnaround time between two consecutive physics fills. Mainly due to orbit drifts in the SPS, the steering of the SPS-to-LHC transfer lines (TL) had to be regularly performed in view of minimising injection oscillations and losses, which otherwise would trigger beam dumps. Moreover, for machine protection purposes, a maximum of twelve bunches had to be injected after any TL steering to validate the actual applied corrections. This implied at several occasions the need to interrupt a fill to steer the lines and introduced a further delay between fills. Studies were performed to evaluate the option of pre-calculating the required TL corrections based on SPS orbit measurements during the LHC magnet ramp down and the reconstruction of the beam position and angle at the SPS extraction point.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST014

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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WEPOST029

First Start-to-End Simulations of the 6 GeV Laser-Plasma Injector at DESY

laser, plasma, emittance, electron

1757

S.A. Antipov, I.V. Agapov, R. Brinkmann, A. Ferran Pousa, M.A. Jebramcik, A. Martinez de la Ossa, M. Thévenet
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

DESY is studying the feasibility of a 6 GeV laser-plasma injector for top-up operation of its future flagship synchrotron light source PETRA IV. A potential design of such an injector involves a single plasma stage, a beamline for beam capture and phase space manipulation, and a X-band rf energy compressor. Numerical tracking with realistic beam distributions shows that an energy variation below 0.1%, rms and a transverse emittance about 1 nm-rad, rms can be achieved under realistic timing, energy, and pointing jitters. PETRA IV injection efficiency studies performed with a conservative 5% beta-beating indicate negligible beam losses for the simulated beams during top-up. Provided the necessary progress on high-power lasers and plasma cells, the laser plasma injector could become a competitive alternative to the conventional injector chain.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST029

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

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WEPOPT001

NICA Ion Collider and Plans of Its First Operations

booster, collider, electron, luminosity

1819

E. Syresin, O.I. Brovko, A.V. Butenko, A.R. Galimov, E.V. Gorbachev, V. Kekelidze, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, S.A. Kostromin, V.A. Lebedev, I.N. Meshkov, A.V. Philippov, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov, A. Tuzikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is under assembling in JINR. The NICA goals are providing of colliding beams for studies of hot and dense strongly interacting baryonic matter and spin physics. The heavy ion injection complex of Collider NICA consisting from following accelerators: new acting heavy ion linac HILAC with RFQ and IH DTL sections at energy 3.2 MeV/u, new acting superconducting Booster synchrotron at energy up 600 MeV/u, acting superconducting synchrotron Nuclotron at gold ion energy 3.9 GeV/n, will starts operation with first ion beams in beginning of 2022. The assembling of two Collider storage rings with two interaction points was done in December 2021. The status of acceleration complex NICA and plans of its first operation is under discussion.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT001

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Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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WEPOPT002

Conception of High Intensive Polarized Proton Beam Formation in NICA Collider

proton, collider, luminosity, acceleration

1822

E. Syresin, A.V. Butenko, S.A. Kostromin, O.S. Kozlov, I.N. Meshkov, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov, A. Tuzikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
Y. Filatov
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
S.D. Kolokolchikov, Y. Senichev
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia
N.V. Mityanina
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
P.R. Zenkevich
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is a new accelerator complex being assembled at JINR to search for the mixed phase of baryonic matter and to investigate the nature of nucleon/particle spin. The polarized proton beams will be operated at the energy range of 5-12.6 GeV, the beam intensity in each ring of 2.2x10¹³ and the luminosity of 1x10³² cm^-2 s^-1. The conception of formation of high intensive proton beams is discussed for two different schemes. In first scheme the protons are injected from Nuclotron to Collider at an energy of 2-2.5 GeV to provide the cooling and the storage at this energy and then they are accelerated up to energy of experiments. In the second scheme the cooling of protons is realized in one from accelerators of the injection chain and the protons are injected from Nuclotron to Collider at energy of experiments, where they are stored up required intensity.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT002

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 June 2022

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WEPOPT009

Operational Scenario of First High Luminosity LHC Run

luminosity, operation, emittance, sextupole

1846

R. Tomás García, G. Arduini, P. Baudrenghien, R. Bruce, O.S. Brüning, X. Buffat, R. Calaga, F. Cerutti, R. De Maria, J. Dilly, I. Efthymiopoulos, M. Giovannozzi, P.D. Hermes, G. Iadarola, O.R. Jones, S. Kostoglou, E.H. Maclean, N. Mounet, E. Métral, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Redaelli, G. Sterbini, H. Timko, F.F. Van der Veken, J. Wenninger, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

A new scenario for the first operational run of the HL-LHC era (Run 4) has been recently developed to accommodate a period of performance ramp-up to achieve an annual integrated luminosity close to the nominal HL-LHC design. The operational scenario in terms of beam parameters and machine settings, as well as the different phases, are described here along with the impact of potential delays on key hardware components.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT009

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Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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WEPOPT016

Beam-Based Reconstruction of the Shielded Quench-Heater Fields for the LHC Main Dipoles

dipole, shielding, operation, optics

1874

L.C. Richtmann, L. Bortot, E. Ravaioli, C. Wiesner, D. Wollmann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Small orbit oscillations of the circulating particle beams have been observed immediately following quenches in the LHC’s superconducting main dipole magnets. Magnetic fields generated during the discharge into the quench heaters were identified as the cause. Since the resulting, shielded field inside the beam screen cannot be measured in-situ, the time evolution of the field has to be reconstructed from the measured beam excursions. In this paper, the field-reconstruction method using rotation in normalized phase space and the optimized fitting algorithm are described. The resulting rise times and magnetic field levels are presented for quench events that occurred during regular operation as well as for dedicated beam experiments. Finally, different approaches to model the shielding behavior of the beam screen are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT016

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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WEPOPT020

Modeling RHIC Spin Tilt as Lattice Imperfections

resonance, proton, HOM, lattice

1884

V.H. Ranjbar, E.C. Aschenauer, H. Huang, A. Marusic, F. Méot, V. Schoefer
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A tilt in the spin direction from the vertical has been observed for a number of years in the RHIC collider during store. This tilt has been extensively studied by scanning snake strengths, energies and orbital angles during the 2017 polarized proton run. Using a spin transport model, we attempt to model this spin tilt by fitting all the relevant data.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT020

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022

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WEPOPT028

Design Update on the HSR Injection Kicker for the EIC

impedance, kicker, simulation, coupling

1904

M.P. Sangroula, C.J. Liaw, C. Liu, J. Sandberg, N. Tsoupas, B.P. Xiao
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
X. Sun
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), the next-generation nuclear science facility, is under the design at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The present RHIC rings will be reconfigured as the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) for the EIC. Design of a stripline injection kicker for the HSR for beams with the rigidity of ∼ 81 T-m poses some technical challenges due to the expected shorter bunch spacing, heating due to higher peak current and the larger number of bunches, and the required higher pulsed voltage. Recently, we updated its mechanical design to optimize the characteristic and beam coupling impedances. In addition, we incorporated the impedance tuning capability by introducing the kicker aperture adjustment mechanism. Finally, we incorporated high voltage FID feedthroughs (FC26) to this kicker. This paper reports the design and optimization updates of the HSR injection kicker including the impedance tuning capability, optimization of both the characteristic and the beam coupling impedances, and finally the incorporation of a high voltage feedthrough design.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT028

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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WEPOPT047

Beam Optics of the Injection/Extraction and Beam Transfer in the Electron Rings of the EIC Project

extraction, electron, optics, kicker

1964

N. Tsoupas, D. Holmes, C. Liu, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, J. Skaritka, J.E. Tuozzolo, E. Wang, F.J. Willeke
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
B. Bhandari
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) project* has been approved by the Department of Energy to be built at the site of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The goal of the project is the collision of energetic (of many GeV/amu) ion species with electron bunches of energies up to 18 GeV. The EIC includes two electron rings, the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) which accelerates the electron beam up to 18 GeV, and the Electron Storage Ring (ESR) which stores the electron beam for collisions with hadron beam, both to be installed in the same tunnel as the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR). This paper discusses the layout and the beam optics of the injection/extraction beam lines the electron rings and the beam optics of the transfer line from the RCS to the ESR ring.
* https://www.bnl.gov/eic/

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT047

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Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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WEPOPT055

Linac3, LEIR and PS Performance with Ions in 2021 and Prospects for 2022

linac, operation, LLRF, cavity

1983

N. Biancacci, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, D. Alves, M.E. Angoletta, D. Barrientos, H. Bartosik, G. Bellodi, S.B. Bertolo, D. Bodart, M. Bozzolan, H. Damerau, F.D.L. Di Lorenzo, A. Frassier, D. Gamba, A. Huschauer, S. Jensen, V. Kain, T. Koevener, G. Kotzian, D. Küchler, A. Lasheen, G. Le Godec, T.E. Levens, N. Madysa, E. Mahner, O. Marqversen, C.M. Mastrostefano, P.D. Meruga, C. Mutin, M. O’Neil, G. Piccinini, R. Scrivens, P.S. Solvang, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner, C. Wetton, M. Zampetakis
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

CERN accelerators underwent a period of long shutdown from the end of 2018 to 2020. During this time frame, significant hardware and software upgrades have been put in place to increase the performance of both proton and ion accelerator chains in the High Luminosity LHC era. In the context of the CERN lead ion chain, 2021 has been mainly devoted to restore the injectors’ performance and to successfully prove the slip-stacking technique in SPS. In this paper we summarise the key milestones of the ion beam commissioning and the achieved beam performance for the Linac 3 (including the source), LEIR and PS accelerators, together with an outlook on 2022 operation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT055

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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WEPOPT058

A Response Matrix Approach to Skew-Sextupole Correction in the LHC at Injection

coupling, simulation, sextupole, resonance

1987

E. Waagaard
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
E.H. Maclean
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

To date, no dedicated attempt has been made to correct skew-sextupole resonances in the LHC at injection. Recently this topic has gained interest however, following the investigation for the emittance growth generation during the LHC energy ramp, due to third order islands. The LHC is equipped with skew-sextupole correctors in the experimental insertions (MCSSX), intended for local compensation at top energy, and with several families of skew sextupole magnets in the arcs (MSS), which are intended for chromatic coupling compensation at top energy but are not optimally placed for resonance compensation. Simulation studies were performed in MAD-X and PTC to assess whether the MSS and MCSSX correctors could be used to compensate skew-sextupole RDTs in the LHC at injection via a response matrix approach, based on measured values at the LHC BPMs. It was found that compensation was viable, but at the cost of significantly increased corrector strength compared to chromatic coupling compensation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT058

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 18 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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WEPOPT063

The FCCee Pre-Injector Complex

positron, linac, electron, collider

2007

P. Craievich, B. Auchmann, S. Bettoni, H.-H. Braun, M. Duda, D. Hauenstein, E. Hohmann, R. Ischebeck, P.N. Juranič, J. Kosse, G.L. Orlandi, M. Pedrozzi, J.-Y. Raguin, S. Reiche, S.T. Sanfilippo, M. Schaer, N. Vallis, R. Zennaro
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
F. Alharthi, I. Chaikovska, S. Ogur
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
W. Bartmann, M. Benedikt, M.I. Besana, M. Calviani, S. Döbert, Y. Dutheil, O. Etisken, J.L. Grenard, A. Grudiev, B. Humann, A. Latina, A. Lechner, K. Oide, A. Perillo-Marcone, H.W. Pommerenke, R.L. Ramjiawan, Y. Zhao, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
A. De Santis
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
Y. Enomoto, K. Furukawa, K. Oide
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
O. Etisken
Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
C. Milardi
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
T.O. Raubenheimer
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
N. Vallis
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The international FCC study group published in 2019 a Conceptual Design Report for an electron-positron collider with a centre-of-mass energy from 90 to 365 GeV with a beam currents of up to 1.4 A per beam. The high beam current of this collider create challenging requirements on the injection chain and all aspects of the linac need to be carefully reconsidered and revisited, including the injection time structure. The entire beam dynamics studies for the full linac, damping ring and transfer lines are major activities of the injector complex design. A key point is that any increase of positron production and capture efficiency reduces the cost and complexity of the driver linac, the heat and radiation load of the converter system, and increases the operational margin. In this paper we will give an overview of the status of the injector complex design and introduce the new layout that has been proposed by the study group working in the context of the CHART collaboration. In this framework, furthermore, we also present the preliminary studies of the FCC-ee positron source highlighting the main requirements and constraints.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT063

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Received ※ 11 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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WEPOTK011

High Intensity Studies in the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster

resonance, operation, proton, ISOL

2056

F. Asvesta, S.C.P. Albright, F. Antoniou, H. Bartosik, C. Bracco, G.P. Di Giovanni, G. Rumolo, P.K. Skowroński, C. Zannini
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Renner
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria

After the successful implementation of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project, studies were conducted in the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) in order to assess the intensity reach with the increased beam brightness. The studies focused on the high intensity beams delivered to the PSB users, both at 1.4 and 2 GeV. In addition, possible intensity limitations in view of the Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) Study were investigated. To this end, various machine configurations were tested including different resonance compensation schemes and chromaticity settings in correlation with the longitudinal parameters. This paper summarizes the results obtained since the machine recommissioning.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK011

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Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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WEPOTK012

Commissioning the New LLRF System of the CERN PS Booster

cavity, operation, LLRF, MMI

2060

S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, D. Barrientos, A. Findlay, M. Jaussi, J.C. Molendijk
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The PS Booster (PSB) is the first synchrotron in the injection chain for protons. The beams produced for the LHC and various fixed target experiments cover a very large parameter space. Over the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), the PSB was heavily upgraded as part of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project. The low-level RF systems now drive the new Finemet-loaded cavities, control RF synchronisation for the new injection mechanism, and cope with the increased injection and extraction energies. The Finemet cavities provide exceptional flexibility, allowing an arbitrary distribution of voltage at different revolution frequency harmonics, but at the cost of significant broadband impedance. The new injection mechanism allows bunch-to-bucket multi-turn injection, which significantly reduces the amount of beam loss at the start of the cycle. The longitudinal beam production schema for each beam-type was developed based on simulations during LS2, and then adapted during the setting-up phase to suit the final operational configuration. This paper discusses the commissioning of the new LLRF, and the consequences of the LIU upgrades on the production of various beams.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK012

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Received ※ 25 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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WEPOTK014

Hadron Storage Ring 4 O’clock Injection Design and Optics for the Electron-Ion Collider

optics, electron, septum, dipole

2068

H. Lovelace III, J.S. Berg, D. Bruno, C. Cullen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, D. Holmes, R.F. Lambiase, C. Liu, C. Montag, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, R. Than, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Valette, D. Weiss
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
B. Bhandari, F. Micolon, N. Tsoupas, S. Verdú-Andrés
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
B.R. Gamage, T. Satogata, W. Wittmer
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will accelerate protons and heavy ions up to a proton energy of 275 GeV and an Au⁺⁷⁹ 110 GeV/u to collide with electrons of energies up to 18 GeV. To accomplish the acceleration process, the hadrons are pre-accelerated in the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS), extracted, and transferred to HSR for injection. The planned area for injection is the current Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) 4 o’clock straight section. To inject hadrons, a series of modifications must be made to the existing RHIC 4 o’clock straight section to accommodate for the 20 new ~18 ns injection kickers and a new injection septum, while providing sufficient space and proper beam conditions for polarimetry equipment. These modifications will be discussed in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK014

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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WEPOTK025

Concepts and Considerations for FCC-ee Top-Up Injection Strategies

septum, kicker, multipole, collider

2106

R.L. Ramjiawan, W. Bartmann, Y. Dutheil, M. Hofer
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M. Aiba
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
P.J. Hunchak
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
P.J. Hunchak
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

The Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee) is proposed to operate in four modes, with beam energies from 45.6 GeV (Z-pole) to 182.5 GeV (tt-bar production) and luminosities up to 4.6×10³⁶ cm²s^-1. At the highest energies the beam lifetime would be less than one hour, meaning that top-up injection will be crucial to maximise the integrated luminosity. Two top-up injection strategies are considered here: conventional injection, employing a closed orbit bump and septum, and multipole-kicker injection, with a pulsed multipole magnet and septum. On-axis and off-axis injections are considered for both. We present a comparison of these injection strategies taking into account aspects such as spatial constraints, machine protection, disturbance to the stored beam and injection efficiency. We overview potential kicker and septum technologies for each.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK025

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 June 2022

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WEPOTK031

Low-Energy Negative Ion Injection Beamline for Experiments with Antiprotonic Atoms at AEgIS

proton, antiproton, experiment, focusing

2126

V. Rodin, A. Farricker, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
G. Cerchiari
Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universtität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
M. Doser, G. Khatri
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
G. Kornakov
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Research was funded by Warsaw University of Technology within the Excellence Initiative: Research University (IDUB) programme
Interaction of low-energy antiprotons with nuclear targets provided fundamental knowledge about proton and neutron densities of many nuclei through the capture process, cascade on lower electron orbits, and annihilation with the nucleon. The expelled electrons produce X-rays and with the recoil particles after annihilation, thus, a sufficient amount of information can be obtained about this interaction. However, all previous experiments were done via formation of antiprotonic atoms in solid or gaseous targets. Therefore, annihilation occurs prior reaching the S or P orbital levels and precise measurements are missing. Recently, AEgIS collaboration proposed a conceptually new experimental scheme. The creation of cold antiprotonic atoms in a vacuum guarantees the absence of the Stark effect. And with the sub-ns timing and synchronization, the previous experimental obstacles would be resolved. This will allow studying atomic properties, evolution, and fragmentation process with improved precision and extended lifetimes. In this contribution, we present an overview of the experimental scheme as well as various aspects of negative ion injection beamline into the AEgIS experiment.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK031

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 June 2022

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WEPOTK039

Radiation of a Particle Moving Along a Helical Trajectory in a Semi-Infinite Cylindrical Waveguide

GUI, radiation, undulator, HOM

2154

M. Ivanyan, A. Grigoryan, B. Grigoryan, V.G. Khachatryan, B.K. Sargsyan
CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
K. Flöttmann, F. Lemery
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
A. Grigoryan
YSU, Yerevan, Armenia

Funding: The work was supported by the Science Committee of RA, in the frames of the research project 21T-1C239
The radiation field of a particle which suddenly appears in an ideal waveguide and moves on a helical trajectory under the influence ofexternal magnetic fields is calculated. The shape and character of the front of the propagating wave is determined. The time dependence of radiation energy accumulated in the waveguide is investigated.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK039

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Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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WEPOTK043

Matching Studies Between the CERN PSB and PS Using Turn-by-Turn Beam Profile Acquisitions with a Residual Beam Gas Ionisation Monitor

emittance, electron, proton, operation

2161

M.A. Fraser, M.R. Coly, A. Guerrero, A. Huschauer, S. Jensen, S. Levasseur, F. Roncarolo, A. Rossi, H.S. Sandberg, J.W. Storey
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project, the Beam Gas Ionisation (BGI) profile monitors installed in the Proton Synchrotron (PS) were fitted with a gas injection system capable of boosting the signal rate high enough to capture single turn acquisitions immediately after injection. This contribution reports on the studies carried out during the beam commissioning of the BGI system in a turn-by-turn matching monitor mode for its eventual implementation in an optimisation framework to preserve emittance during transfer between the PS Booster and PS. The BGI commissioning included a benchmarking with data from a wire-grid secondary emission monitor inserted into the circulating beam.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK043

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022

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WEPOMS004

Investigation of RF Heating for the Multipole Injection Kicker Installed at SOLEIL

impedance, kicker, simulation, operation

2233

A. Gamelin, P. Alexandre, R. Ben El Fekih, J. Da Silva Castro, M. El Ajjouri, A. Letresor, L.S. Nadolski, R. Ollier, T.S. Thoraud
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
M. Sacko, S. Taurines
Avantis Concept, SAINT-CERE, France

During the commissioning of the new Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) pulsed magnet at SOLEIL synchrotron, an anomalously high heating of the MIK chamber and flanges was found. To better manage the heat load, fans directed toward the MIK were added to improve the air-cooling flow. This allowed the nominal current to be reached in all operation modes while keeping reasonable temperatures on the MIK. Post-installation investigations subsequently showed that the initial estimate of the maximal heat load was in agreement with the measured temperature in several operation modes both with and without the additional fans. In this article, we present the complete study, starting from the impedance calculation to thermal simulations, and comparison with the measured data with beam.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS004

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Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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WEPOMS009

Simulation Studies of Longitudinal Stability for High-Intensity LHC-Type Beams in the CERN SPS

simulation, emittance, controls, impedance

2249

D. Quartullo, L. Intelisano, I. Karpov, G. Papotti
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Beams in the SPS for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) must be stabilized in the longitudinal plane up to an intensity of 2.4·10¹¹ protons per bunch. The fourth harmonic RF system increases Landau damping, and controlled longitudinal emittance blow-up is applied to cope with coupled-bunch instabilities along the ramp and at flat-top. Longitudinal multi-bunch beam dynamics simulations of the SPS cycle were performed starting from realistic bunch distributions, as injected from the PS. The full SPS impedance model was included, as well as the effect of low-level RF (LLRF) feedback for beam-loading compensation. A realistic model of the beam-based LLRF loops was used for the particle tracking studies. Controlled longitudinal emittance blow-up was included by generating bandwidth-limited RF phase noise and by injecting it into the beam phase-loop input, exactly as in hardware. Due to the stringent constraints on particle losses and extracted bunch lengths, particular attention was paid to monitoring these parameters in the simulations, and to determining the best configuration for a stable acceleration of the beam.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS009

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Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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WEPOMS048

A Flexible Online Optimizer for SPS

booster, emittance, simulation, storage-ring

2362

T. Pulampong, N. Suradet
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Siam Photon Source (SPS) machine in Thailand has been operating for more than two decades with limited diagnostic systems. It is very challenging to efficiently tune and operate the machine. With online optimization, only variables and objectives are required to tune for better solutions. It this work, a flexible optimizer was developed. Objectives and variables can be freely defined based on available hardware in the form of Process Variables (PVs). Several multi-objective and Robust Conjugated Direction Search (RCDS) algorithms are provided. The online optimizer was tested on the SPS machine to improved the injection efficiency. Due to its flexibility, the optimizer can also be used for other systems.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS048

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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THOYSP2

The New Eddy Current Type Septum Magnet for Upgrading of Fast Extraction in Main Ring of J-PARC

septum, extraction, operation, power-supply

2428

T. Shibata, K. Ishii, S. Iwata, H. Matsumoto, T. Sugimoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Fan
HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China

For our first goal of the beam power of Main Ring for Fast eXtraction (FX), 750 kW, we have been evaluating a new Low-Field FX Septum magnets which are induced eddy current type (Eddy-Septum) since 2014. The pending technical issues are disagreement in two current monitor systems and the long switching time of the Main-charger to Sub-charger at low charging voltage. We measured a gap field during measurement of current, and found no drift in time variation of gap field. Our conclusion was that the cause of the disagreement is electric and radiative noise which make the drift in the time variation. The long-term stability of the output pulsed current depends on the switching time and charging voltage. We investigated the correlation between the keeping time of flat-top charging voltage and long-time stability with various charging voltages. In June 2021, we have first conducted the 1 Hz operation and high-voltage test of the Eddy-Septum which is mounted in a vacuum chamber, and we found no problem. A new pure iron duct type magnetic shield for reducing the leakage field were produced in July 2021. The new LF FX-Septum will be installed in MR in early of 2022.

Slides THOYSP2 [5.375 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOYSP2

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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THPOST011

SuperKEKB Electron Positron Injector Linac Upgrade for Higher Charge and Lower Emittance

linac, positron, emittance, electron

2461

K. Furukawa, H. Ego, Y. Enomoto, N. Iida, T. Kamitani, M. Kawamura, S. Matsumoto, T. Matsumoto, T. Miura, M. Satoh, A. Shirakawa, T. Suwada, M. Yoshida
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

KEK electron positron injector linac has established simultaneous top-up injections in 2019 for 5 rings of SuperKEKB DR, LER, HER, PF ring and PF-AR as a base of the both elementary particle physics and photon science experiments even under a quite short beam lifetime. It improved the injection stabilities while the SuperKEKB broke the world record of the collision luminosity of the previous project KEKB. As the collision performance improves, the beam-beam effect makes the dynamic aperture shrink, and the beam lifetime reduces further. Thus, it became inevitable for the injector to be upgraded in order to resolve the contradictory improvements of higher charge and lower emittance of injection beams regarding beam wakefield till 2025. The upgrade plan is described including pulsed magnets, an energy compression system, accelerating structures, girders, positron generator and so on.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST011

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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THPOST012

Achievement of 200, 000 Hours of Operation at KEK 7-GeV Electron 4-GeV Positron Injector Linac

linac, positron, operation, electron

2465

K. Furukawa, M. Akemoto, D.A. Arakawa, Y. Arakida, H. Ego, Y. Enomoto, T. Higo, H. Honma, N. Iida, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, H. Katagiri, M. Kawamura, S. Matsumoto, T. Matsumoto, H. Matsushita, K. Mikawa, T. Miura, F. Miyahara, H. Nakajima, T. Natsui, Y. Ogawa, S. Ohsawa, Y. Okayasu, T. Oogoe, M.A. Rehman, I. Satake, M. Satoh, Y. Seimiya, T. Shidara, A. Shirakawa, H. Someya, T. Suwada, M. Tanaka, D. Wang, Y. Yano, K. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, T. Yoshimoto, R. Zhang, X. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
Y. Bando
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan

KEK electron positron injector linac initiated the injection operation into Photon Factory (PF) light source in 1982. Since then for 39 years, it has served for multiple projects, namely, TRISTAN, PF-AR, KEKB, and SuperKEKB. Its total operation time has accumulated 200 thousand hours on May 7, 2020. We are extremely proud of the achievement following continuous efforts by our seniors. The construction of the injector linac started in 1978, and it was commissioned for PF with 2.5 GeV electron in 1982. In parallel, the positron generator linac was constructed for the TRISTAN collider project. The slow positron facility was also commissioned in 1992. After the KEKB asymmetric-energy collider project was commissioned in 1998 with direct energy injections, the techniques such as two-bunch acceleration and simultaneous injection were developed. As the soft structure design of the linac was too weak against the great east Japan earthquake, it took three years to recover. Then the construction and commissioning for the SuperKEKB project went on, and the simultaneous top-up injection into four storage rings contributes to the both elementary particle physics and photon science.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST012

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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THPOPT016

Commissioning Simulations for the DIAMOND-II Upgrade

MMI, optics, storage-ring, quadrupole

2598

H.C. Chao, R.T. Fielder, J. Kallestrup, I.P.S. Martin, B. Singh
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The Diamond-II storage ring, compared to Diamond, improves the natural beam emittance from 2.7 nm to 160 pm and the beam energy from 3 to 3.5 GeV. The number of straight sections is also doubled from 24 to 48 thanks to the modified hybrid six-bend-achromat lattice. To reduce the impact on the existing science program, the dark time period must be minimised. To assist in this aim, storage ring commissioning simulations have been carried out to predict and resolve possible issues. These studies include beam commissioning starting from on-axis first-turn beam threading up to beam based alignment and full linear optics correction with stored beam. The linear optics corrections with insertion devices are also included. The machine characterisations at different stages are compared. Considerations on realistic chamber limitations, error definitions and some commissioning strategies are also discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT016

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Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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THPOPT018

Aperture Sharing Injection for Diamond-II

storage-ring, kicker, lattice, septum

2606

J. Kallestrup, H. Ghasem, I.P.S. Martin
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The planned Diamond-II storage ring will provide users with an increase in brightness of up to two orders of magnitude compared with the existing Diamond facility. The aim is to maintain excellent photon beam stability in top-up mode, which requires frequent injections. This paper introduces the aperture sharing injection scheme designed for Diamond-II. The scheme promises, through the use of short striplines equipped with high-voltage nano-second pulsers, a quasi-transparent injection while maintaining an approximately 100% injection efficiency.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT018

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Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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THPOPT036

New Microwave Thermionic Electron Gun for APS Upgrade: Test Results and Operation Experience

gun, linac, cathode, operation

2665

S.V. Kutsaev, R.B. Agustsson, A.C. Araujo Martinez, R.D. Berry, O. Chimalpopoca, A.Y. Murokh, M. Ruelas, A.Yu. Smirnov, S.U. Thielk
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
J.E. Hoyt, W.G. Jansma, A. Nassiri, Y. Sun, G.J. Waldschmidt
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, under contracts DE-SC0015191 and DE- AC02-06CH11357
Recently, RadiaBeam has designed and built a robust thermionic RF gun with optimized electromagnetic per-formance, improved thermal engineering, and a robust cathode mounting technique. This gun allows to improve the performance of existing and future light sources, industrial accelerators, and electron beam driven te-rahertz sources. Unlike conventional electrically or side-coupled RF guns, this new gun operates in ’-mode with the help of magnetic coupling holes. Such a design al-lows operation at longer pulses and has negligible dipole and quadrupole components. The gun prototype was built, then installed and tested at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) injector. This paper presents the results of high power and beam tests of this RF gun, and operation-al experience at APS to this moment.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT036

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Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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THPOPT038

Sirius Injection Optimization

booster, alignment, emittance, linac

2672

X.R. Resende, M.B. Alves, L. Liu, A.C.S. Oliveira, J.V. Quentino, F.H. de Sá
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

Sirius is the new 3 GeV storage ring (SR)-based 4th generation synchrotron light source built and operated by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) located in the CNPEM campus, in Campinas. The foreseeable move to a top-up injection scheme demands improvement of injection efficiency and repeatability levels. In this work we report on the latest efforts in optimizing the Sirius injection system.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT038

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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THPOPT039

Performance Report of the SOLEIL Multipole Injection Kicker

kicker, storage-ring, MMI, synchrotron

2675

R. Ollier, P. Alexandre, R. Ben El Fekih, A. Gamelin, N. Hubert, M. Labat, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

A Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) was installed in a short straight section of the SOLEIL storage ring and successfully commissioned in 2021. A small horizontal orbit distortion in the micrometer range was achieved outperforming the standard bump-based injection scheme installed in a 12-m long straight section. Refined studies have been conducted to fully understand and further improve the performance of the device. Indeed, a novel generation of the MIK will be the key element for the injection scheme of the SOLEIL Upgrade. We report simulation studies and the latest MIK experimental performance. Both injected and stored beam-based measurements were performed using new types of diagnostics with turn-by-turn capability (Libera Brillance⁺ BPM, KALYPSO: 2x1D imaging). The residual perturbations on the beam positions and sizes were measured; the magnetic field of the MIK device was reconstructed. An unexpected kick was detected in the vertical plane and an active correction implemented to cancel the resulting perturbation.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT039

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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THPOPT040

Injection Using a Non-Linear Kicker at the ESRF

kicker, SRF, simulation, emittance

2679

S.M. White, T.P. Perron
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The ESRF injection consists in a standard four kickers bump off-axis injection. Although this scheme is very robust and reliable it is known to disturb users during injections and may represent a severe limitation in case frequent injections are required. The non-linear kicker injection scheme provides a possible solution to this problem by acting only on the injected beam. This paper reports on the potential integration of a non-linear kicker injection scheme at the ESRF. A layout and specifications for the kicker are proposed and simulations are provided to evaluate the performance and limitations of such scheme.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT040

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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THPOPT041

Commissioning of New Kicker Power Supplies to Improve Injection Perturbations at the ESRF

power-supply, kicker, SRF, storage-ring

2683

S.M. White, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, M. Dubrulle, L. Hoummi, M. Morati, T.P. Perron, B. Roche
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The ESRF-EBS storage ring resumed operation in 2020. Due to the reduced lifetime, top-up injection is required for all operation modes. Perturbations on the stored beam introduced by the pulsed injection elements represent a significant disturbance to the beam lines that need to run experiments across injection. In order to reduce these perturbation, new kicker power supplies with slower ramping times and better shot-to-shot reproducibility were developed at ESRF to improve the efficiency of the feed-forward compensation scheme. This paper reports on the design, commissioning and first experimental validation of these new power supplies.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT041

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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THPOPT043

Injection Design Options for the Low-Emittance PETRA IV Storage Ring

septum, kicker, emittance, lattice

2689

M.A. Jebramcik, I.V. Agapov, S.A. Antipov, R. Bartolini, R. Brinkmann, D. Einfeld, T. Hellert, J. Keil, G. Loisch, F. Obier
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The proposed PETRA IV electron storage ring that will replace DESY’s flagship synchrotron light source PETRA III will feature a horizontal emittance as low as 20 pm based on a hybrid six-bend achromat lattice. Such a lattice design leads to the difficulty of injecting the incoming beam into an acceptance that is as small as 2.6 um. In contrast to earlier lattice iterations based on a seven-bend achromat lattice, the latest version allows accumulation, i.e., the off-axis injection of the incoming beam. In this contribution, the effects of deploying different septum types, namely a pulsed or a Lambertson septum, on the injection process as well as the injection efficiency are presented. This analysis includes the effects of common manipulations to the injected beam, e.g., beam rotation and aperture sharing, on the injection efficiency. Furthermore, the option of a nonlinear kicker and its optimization (wire positions, wire current, optics functions) are presented since a nonlinear kicker could provide an alternative to the rather large number of strip-line kickers that are necessary to generate the orbit bump at the septum.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT043

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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THPOPT047

A Double Dipole Kicker for Off and On-Axis Injection for ALBA-II

kicker, dipole, vacuum, storage-ring

2701

G. Benedetti, M. Carlà, M. Pont
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

Injection into the ALBA-II storage ring will be performed off-axis in a 4 meters straight section with a single multipole kicker. We present a novel topology for the coils of the injection kicker, named double dipole kicker (DDK). The resulting magnetic field is the superposition of two opposite dipoles, generated by four inner and four outer conductor rods. When the eight rods are powered, the dipole term cancels and the remaining multipole field is used for off-axis injection. Alternatively, when the four inner rods are switched off, an almost pure dipole is produced, that is useful for on-axis injection during the commissioning. A prototype of DDK is presently under design to be installed and tested in the existing ALBA storage ring. The positioning of the rods is calculated in order to maximise the kick efficiency in mrad/kA and minimise the disturbance to the orbit and the emittance of the stored beam. A metallic coating with optimised thickness along the inner ceramic vacuum chamber should provide compensation for the eddy currents induced field in order to minimize the disturbance to the stored beam while ensuring sufficiently low heat dissipation by the beam image currents.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT047

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

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THPOPT049

Beam Dynamics Studies for the Diamond-II Injector

booster, storage-ring, emittance, extraction

2708

I.P.S. Martin, R.T. Fielder, J. Kallestrup, T. Olsson, B. Singh
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
J.K. Jones, B.D. Muratori
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The replacement, low-emittance booster for the Diamond-II project will have a racetrack structure of 36 units cells constructed from alternating focussing and defocussing combined-function dipoles*. In this paper we report on how the design and performance characterisation of the booster has recently developed; this includes an increase in the injection energy from 100 to 150 MeV, a modified circumference to match to the storage ring RF frequency, and a new nominal tune-point to improve the performance and enable emittance exchange. The influence of the vacuum chamber impedance and intra-beam scattering on the electron bunch parameters during the ramp are presented, along with the necessary changes to the transfer line layouts.
*I.P.S. Martin, et al. "Progress with the Booster Design for the Diamond-II Upgrade", in Proc. IPAC’21, paper ID MOPAB071, Campinas, Brazil, May 2021

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT049

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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THPOPT056

Emittance Exchange at Sirius Booster for Storage Ring Injection Improvement

emittance, booster, coupling, synchrotron

2722

J.V. Quentino, M.B. Alves, F.H. de Sá
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

SIRIUS is the new 4th generation storage ring based synchrotron light source built and operated by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) at the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM). Currently, the efficiency of the horizontal off-axis injection system of the storage ring is still not suitable for top-up operation due to a smaller than expected horizontal dynamic aperture. In this work, we report the simulations and experimental results of transverse emittance exchange (TEE) performed at SIRIUS booster by crossing a coupling difference resonance during energy ramp, with the goal of decreasing the injected horizontal beam size and improve the off-axis injection efficiency.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT056

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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THPOPT059

Development of a Transfer Line for LPA-Generated Electron Bunches to a Compact Storage Ring

storage-ring, quadrupole, dipole, plasma

2730

B. Härer, E. Bründermann, D. El Khechen, A.-S. Müller, A.I. Papash, S.C. Richter, R. Ruprecht, J. Schäfer, M. Schuh, C. Widmann
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
L. Jeppe
Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) and Center for Free Electron Science (CFEL), Hamburg, Germany
A.R. Maier, J. Osterhoff, E. Panofski
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
P. Messner
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

The injection of LPA-generated beams into a storage ring is considered to be one of the most prominent applications of laser plasma accelerators (LPAs). In a combined endeavour between Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) the key challenges will be addressed with the aim to successfully demonstrate injection of LPA-generated beams into a compact storage ring with large energy acceptance and dynamic aperture. Such a storage ring and the corresponding transfer line are currently being designed within the cSTART project at KIT and will be ideally suited to accept bunches from a 50 MeV LPA prototype developed at DESY. This contribution presents the foreseen layout of the transfer line from the LPA to the injection point of the storage ring and discusses the status of beams optics calculations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT059

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Received ※ 05 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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THPOTK004

The Reduction of the Leakage Field of the Injection Septum Magnet in Main Ring of J-PARC

septum, operation, proton, quadrupole

2774

T. Shibata, K. Ishii, H. Matsumoto, N. Matsumoto, T. Sugimoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

A new injection septum magnet (InjSep) was installed in MR in 2016 for one of the upgrading of beam power of MR. We have measured the leakage field before installation, and it was found from the measurement results that the leakage field at the beam upstream region of the circulating duct was enough smaller than previous InjSep, however we tried to reduce the leakage field further by installation a new magnetic shield. First magnetic shield was produced in 2017, and we installed it in the InjSep. The leakage field was reduced, however the magnetic field of a quadrupole magnet at beam upstream of the InjSep was also reduced slightly. The decrease of the magnetic field of the one of main magnet was not permitted from the requirement of beam optics. In consequently, the first version was failed. The second one was produced in 2018, and we measured the leakage field was measured in Jan. 2019. The leakage field was reduced, while no reduction of the quadrupole magnet. We decided to use the second version for beam operation. The new additional shield was started to use in Nov. 2019.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK004

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 June 2022

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THPOTK034

Vacuum System Performance of the 3 GeV Electron Storage Ring at MAX IV Laboratory

vacuum, storage-ring, operation, MMI

2836

M.J. Grabski, E. Al-Dmour, S.M. Scolari
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

The 3 GeV electron storage ring at MAX IV laboratory is the first synchrotron light source with compact multi-bend achromat (MBA) magnet lattice to achieve ultra-low emittance. The vacuum system of the accelerator is fully coated with non-evaporable getter (NEG) thin film to ensure low gas density. The storage ring started commissioning in August 2015 and currently delivers photon beams from insertion devices (IDs) to 9 beamlines that are in user operation or commissioning. After over 6 years of operation, the NEG coated vacuum system continues to be reliable, is conditioning well and do not pose any limitation to the accelerator operation. The average dynamic pressure is lower than the design value (below 3·10^-10 mbar) and is reducing with the accumulated beam dose. The vacuum beam lifetime is greater than 39 Ah, and the total beam lifetime is above the design value of 5 Ah - thus is not limited by the residual gas density. Several successful interventions to install new vacuum components were performed on few achromats in the storage ring during shutdowns. Some of them were done utilizing purified neon gas to vent the vacuum system, thus avoiding the need of re-activation of the NEG coating and saving intervention time without compromising the storage ring performance.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK034

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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THPOTK039

The Effect of Activation Duration on the Performance of Non-Evaporable Getter Coatings

vacuum, ECR, experiment, target

2854

E.A. Marshall, O.B. Malyshev, R. Valizadeh
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Non-evaporable getter (NEG) coatings can be activated at temperatures as low as 140°C. However, better pumping properties are achieved using higher temperatures, between 150-300 °C. This paper investigates whether using an increased activation duration can improve the NEG properties obtained using lower activation temperatures, and so decrease the energy and temperature requirement. This could allow a greater range of materials to be used in particle accelerator systems. Our findings have shown that increasing activation duration from 24 hrs to 1 week at 160 °C produces an improvement in the NEG pumping properties.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK039

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Received ※ 01 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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THPOTK040

Few-Nanosecond Stripline Kickers for Top-Up Injection into PETRA IV

kicker, feedback, vacuum, synchrotron

2858

G. Loisch, V. Belokurov, F. Obier
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

PETRA IV is the planned ultralow-emittance upgrade of the PETRA III synchrotron light source at DESY, Hamburg. The current baseline injection scheme is an off-axis, top-up injection with few-nanosecond stripline kickers, which would allow for accumulation and least disturbance of experiments during injection. Besides the requirements on kick-strength, field quality, pulse rise-rate, and heat management, two mechanical designs with different apertures are necessary, as the devices will be used for injection and the transverse multi-bunch feedback system. In this contribution we will present the current status of 3D finite element simulations of electromagnetic fields and heating as well as the mechanical design and first pulse electronics tests.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK040

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 17 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 25 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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THPOTK043

Mitigation of High Voltage Breakdown of the Beam Screen of a CERN SPS Injection Kicker Magnet

impedance, simulation, kicker, coupling

2868

M.J. Barnes, W. Bartmann, M. Díaz Zumel, L. Ducimetière, L.M.C. Feliciano, T. Kramer, V. Namora, T. Stadlbauer, D. Standen, P. Trubacova, F.M. Velotti, C. Zannini
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The SPS injection kicker magnets (MKP) were developed in the 1970’s, before beam induced power deposition was considered an issue. These magnets are very lossy from a beam impedance perspective: this is expected to be an issue during SPS operation with the higher intensity beams needed for HL-LHC. A design, with serigraphy applied to an alumina carrier, has been developed to significantly reduce the broadband beam coupling impedance and hence mitigate the heating issues. During high voltage pulse testing there were electrical discharges associated with the serigraphy. Detailed mathematical models have been developed to aid in understanding the transiently induced voltages and to reduce the magnitude and duration of electric field. In this paper, we discuss the solutions implemented to mitigate the electrical discharges while maintaining an adequately low beam-coupling impedance. In addition, the results of high voltage tests are reported. The alumina substrate has a high secondary electron yield and thus electron-cloud could be an issue, with SPS beam, if mitigating measures were not taken: this paper also discusses the measures implemented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK043

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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THPOTK045

Branch Module for an Inductive Voltage Adder for Driving Kicker Magnets with a Short Circuit Termination

kicker, operation, impedance, controls

2875

J. Ruf, M.J. Barnes, Y. Dutheil, T. Kramer
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M. Sack
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

For driving kicker magnets terminated in a short circuit, a branch module for an inductive voltage adder has been designed and assembled. The module has been designed for a maximum charging voltage of 1.2 kV and an output current of 200 A considering the current doubling due to the short circuit termination. It features three consecutive modes of operation: energy injection, freewheeling, and energy extraction. Therefore, the topology of the branch module consists of two independently controlled SiC MOSFET switches and one diode switch. In order not to extend the field rise time of the kicker magnet significantly beyond the magnet fill time, the pulse must have a fast rise time. Hence, the switch for energy injection is driven by a gate boosting driver featuring a half bridge of GaN HEMTs and a driving voltage of 80 V. Measurements of the drain source voltage of this switch showed a fall time of 2.7 ns at a voltage of 600 V resulting in a voltage rise time of 5.4 ns at the output terminated with a resistive load. To meet both the rise time and current requirements, a parallel configuration of four SiC MOSFETs was implemented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK045

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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THPOTK059

Laser System for SuperKEKB RF Gun in Phase III Commissioning

laser, electron, MMI, gun

2914

R. Zhang, M. Yoshida, X. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
H.K. Kumano, N. Toyotomi
Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan

In order to generate high quality electron beam with high charge in Phase III commissioning of SuperKEKB, some improvements have been done in Ytterbium doped fiber and Neodymium doped YAG (Nd:YAG) hybrid laser system. Spatial reshaping part for the 4th harmonic laser beam at 266 nm has been adopted to realize low emittance electron beam. In addition, for achieving continuous and stable laser operation, position feedback system has also been used to improve the pointing stability of laser beam. In 2021 commissioning of SuperKEKB, stable 2 nC electron beam is generated for high energy ring (HER) injection. Meanwhile, we achieved the best emittance results at B-sector of linac injector and BT line for comparable low injection background and higher injection efficiency. With the aim of generating higher charge electron beam with good quality in the following commissioning, a perspective towards the next step update for current laser system is also introduced.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK059

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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THPOMS060

Development of Analytical Light Source for Construction of Femtosecond Pulse Radiolysis System Using Er Fiber Laser

laser, radiation, FEM, pulse-stretcher

3109

Y. Kaneko, Y. Koshiba, K. Sakaue, M. Sato, M. Washio
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
K. Sakaue
The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo, Japan

We are trying to elucidate the initial process of radiation chemical reactions, which is considered to be an unknown area. One of the methods to elucidate this initial process is pulse radiolysis. In pulse radiolysis, a substance is irradiated with ionizing radiation and at the same time irradiated with analytical light, and the absorption spectrum of the light can be traced back in time to the active species. However, the radiation chemical reaction starts in a very short time, and the pulse radiolysis system needs to have the same time resolution. Therefore, the analytical light should be ultra-short pulses. In addition, the absorption wavelength of the substance is not always known. Hence, the wavelength range of the analytical light should be broad. Since the absorption wavelengths of important active species are in the visible light region, it is desirable to cover the visible light region as well. We believe that supercontinuum light generated from the second harmonic of the Er fiber laser is the best analytical light to meet these requirements. In this presentation, we describe the current status of the development of the supercontinuum light generation and future prospects.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS060

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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FROXGD3

Injection Beam Measurement Using Synchrotron Radiation Monitor at the SuperKEKB Electron Ring

extraction, electron, synchrotron, operation

3121

H. Ikeda, T.M. Mitsuhashi, G. Mitsuka
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

We upgraded the diamond mirror of the SuperKEKB electron ring to extract the good quality synchrotron light in 2020 summer. As a result, the accuracy of profile measurement for each bunch using a gate camera has improved dramatically, and it has become possible to measure the incident beam for each turn. The electron beam was injected with single turn injection mode to measure the properties of the beam and measured turn by turn after injection. In order to convert the measurement results into beam size, convolution by diffraction effect and absolute value calibration using real images were performed. We report the behavior of the injection beam during normal operation of SuperKEKB.

Slides FROXGD3 [5.560 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-FROXGD3

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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