IPAC2022 - List of Keywords (antiproton)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPOMS028	Stability and Lifetime Studies of Carbon Nanotubes for Electron Cooling in ELENA	electron, cathode, proton, gun	699
	B. Galante, G. Tranquille CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom J. Resta-López ICMUV, Paterna, Spain
	Funding: Work supported by EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk’odowska-Curie grant agreement No 721559. Electron cooling is a fundamental process to guarantee beam quality in low energy antimatter facilities. In ELENA, the electron cooler reduces the emittance blow-up of the antiproton beam so that a focused and bright beam can be delivered to the experiments at the unprecedentedly low energy of 100 keV. To achieve a cold beam at this low energy, the electron gun must emit a monoenergetic and relatively intense electron beam. An optimization of the electron gun involving a cold cathode is studied to investigate the feasibility of using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as cold electron field emitters. CNTs are considered among the most promising field emitting materials. However, stability data for emission over hundreds of hours, as well as lifetime and conditioning process studies to ensure optimal performance, are still incomplete or missing, especially if the aim is to use them in operation. This contribution reports experiments that characterize these properties and assess whether CNTs are suitable to be used as cold electron field emitters for many hundreds of hours.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS028
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK026	Commissioning of the ELENA Electrostatic Transfer Lines for the Antimatter Facility at CERN	experiment, quadrupole, proton, extraction	2110
	Y. Dutheil, W. Bartmann, C. Carli, M.A. Fraser, D. Gamba, L. Ponce CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	ELENA is a small synchrotron ring that decelerates antiprotons down to a kinetic energy of 100 keV. With an experimental complex capable of housing up to 9 different experiments operating simultaneously, the transfer line design needed to be highly flexible. The low energy of the beam transported allowed the exploitation of electrostatic devices instead of magnets, to simplify design, production and operation. This contribution presents the systematic characterisation of the beam optics at the different experimental handover locations during beam commissioning using H⁻ ions from an external source, as well as the performance of the lines in operation with antiprotons. Finally, the effect of stray fields created by the experimental setup will be presented and compared with the first measurements.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK026
About •	Received ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK029	Advances in Low Energy Antimatter Beam Generation and Manipulation	proton, experiment, simulation, electron	2118
	C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No 721559. The Accelerators Validating Antimatter physics (AVA) project has enabled an interdisciplinary and cross-sector R&D program on low energy antimatter research. The network comprises 13 universities, 9 national and inter-national research centers and 13 partners from industry. Between 2016 and 2021, AVA has successfully trained 16 early-stage researchers that were based at universities, research centers and companies across Europe where they carried out cutting edge research into low energy antimat-ter physics and related technologies. This contribution presents several research highlights that originated within or on the basis of AVA: Results from studies into carbon nano-tubes as field emitters for cold electron beams with supe-rior beam quality, the design of a low energy negative ion injection beamline for experiments with antiprotonic atoms, and studies into realistic simulations of antiproton deceleration in foil degraders.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK029
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK031	Low-Energy Negative Ion Injection Beamline for Experiments with Antiprotonic Atoms at AEgIS	proton, experiment, focusing, injection	2126
	V. Rodin, A. Farricker, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom G. Cerchiari Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universtität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria M. Doser, G. Khatri CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland G. Kornakov Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: Research was funded by Warsaw University of Technology within the Excellence Initiative: Research University (IDUB) programme Interaction of low-energy antiprotons with nuclear targets provided fundamental knowledge about proton and neutron densities of many nuclei through the capture process, cascade on lower electron orbits, and annihilation with the nucleon. The expelled electrons produce X-rays and with the recoil particles after annihilation, thus, a sufficient amount of information can be obtained about this interaction. However, all previous experiments were done via formation of antiprotonic atoms in solid or gaseous targets. Therefore, annihilation occurs prior reaching the S or P orbital levels and precise measurements are missing. Recently, AEgIS collaboration proposed a conceptually new experimental scheme. The creation of cold antiprotonic atoms in a vacuum guarantees the absence of the Stark effect. And with the sub-ns timing and synchronization, the previous experimental obstacles would be resolved. This will allow studying atomic properties, evolution, and fragmentation process with improved precision and extended lifetimes. In this contribution, we present an overview of the experimental scheme as well as various aspects of negative ion injection beamline into the AEgIS experiment.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK031
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THOXGD1	ELENA - From Commissioning to Operation	proton, MMI, experiment, operation	2391
	L. Ponce, L. Bojtár, C. Carli, B. Dupuy, Y. Dutheil, P. Freyermuth, D. Gamba, L.V. Jørgensen, B. Lefort, S. Pasinelli CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	In 2021 the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA) moved from commissioning into the physics production phase providing 100 keV antiprotons to the newly connected experiments paving the way to an improved trapping efficiency by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the AD era. After recalling the major work undertaken during the CERN Long Shutdown 2 (2019-2020) in the antiproton deceleration complex, details will be given on the ELENA ring and the new electrostatic transfer line beam commissioning using an ion source. Sub-sequentially, the progress from commissioning with ions to operation with antiprotons will be described with emphasis on the achieved beam performance. Finally, the impact on the performance of the main hardware systems will be reviewed.
	Slides THOXGD1 [9.720 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOXGD1
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPOMS028

Stability and Lifetime Studies of Carbon Nanotubes for Electron Cooling in ELENA

electron, cathode, proton, gun

699

B. Galante, G. Tranquille
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
J. Resta-López
ICMUV, Paterna, Spain

Funding: Work supported by EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk’odowska-Curie grant agreement No 721559.
Electron cooling is a fundamental process to guarantee beam quality in low energy antimatter facilities. In ELENA, the electron cooler reduces the emittance blow-up of the antiproton beam so that a focused and bright beam can be delivered to the experiments at the unprecedentedly low energy of 100 keV. To achieve a cold beam at this low energy, the electron gun must emit a monoenergetic and relatively intense electron beam. An optimization of the electron gun involving a cold cathode is studied to investigate the feasibility of using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as cold electron field emitters. CNTs are considered among the most promising field emitting materials. However, stability data for emission over hundreds of hours, as well as lifetime and conditioning process studies to ensure optimal performance, are still incomplete or missing, especially if the aim is to use them in operation. This contribution reports experiments that characterize these properties and assess whether CNTs are suitable to be used as cold electron field emitters for many hundreds of hours.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS028

About •

Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK026

Commissioning of the ELENA Electrostatic Transfer Lines for the Antimatter Facility at CERN

experiment, quadrupole, proton, extraction

2110

Y. Dutheil, W. Bartmann, C. Carli, M.A. Fraser, D. Gamba, L. Ponce
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

ELENA is a small synchrotron ring that decelerates antiprotons down to a kinetic energy of 100 keV. With an experimental complex capable of housing up to 9 different experiments operating simultaneously, the transfer line design needed to be highly flexible. The low energy of the beam transported allowed the exploitation of electrostatic devices instead of magnets, to simplify design, production and operation. This contribution presents the systematic characterisation of the beam optics at the different experimental handover locations during beam commissioning using H⁻ ions from an external source, as well as the performance of the lines in operation with antiprotons. Finally, the effect of stray fields created by the experimental setup will be presented and compared with the first measurements.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK026

About •

Received ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK029

Advances in Low Energy Antimatter Beam Generation and Manipulation

proton, experiment, simulation, electron

2118

C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No 721559.
The Accelerators Validating Antimatter physics (AVA) project has enabled an interdisciplinary and cross-sector R&D program on low energy antimatter research. The network comprises 13 universities, 9 national and inter-national research centers and 13 partners from industry. Between 2016 and 2021, AVA has successfully trained 16 early-stage researchers that were based at universities, research centers and companies across Europe where they carried out cutting edge research into low energy antimat-ter physics and related technologies. This contribution presents several research highlights that originated within or on the basis of AVA: Results from studies into carbon nano-tubes as field emitters for cold electron beams with supe-rior beam quality, the design of a low energy negative ion injection beamline for experiments with antiprotonic atoms, and studies into realistic simulations of antiproton deceleration in foil degraders.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK029

About •

Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK031

Low-Energy Negative Ion Injection Beamline for Experiments with Antiprotonic Atoms at AEgIS

proton, experiment, focusing, injection

2126

V. Rodin, A. Farricker, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
G. Cerchiari
Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universtität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
M. Doser, G. Khatri
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
G. Kornakov
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Research was funded by Warsaw University of Technology within the Excellence Initiative: Research University (IDUB) programme
Interaction of low-energy antiprotons with nuclear targets provided fundamental knowledge about proton and neutron densities of many nuclei through the capture process, cascade on lower electron orbits, and annihilation with the nucleon. The expelled electrons produce X-rays and with the recoil particles after annihilation, thus, a sufficient amount of information can be obtained about this interaction. However, all previous experiments were done via formation of antiprotonic atoms in solid or gaseous targets. Therefore, annihilation occurs prior reaching the S or P orbital levels and precise measurements are missing. Recently, AEgIS collaboration proposed a conceptually new experimental scheme. The creation of cold antiprotonic atoms in a vacuum guarantees the absence of the Stark effect. And with the sub-ns timing and synchronization, the previous experimental obstacles would be resolved. This will allow studying atomic properties, evolution, and fragmentation process with improved precision and extended lifetimes. In this contribution, we present an overview of the experimental scheme as well as various aspects of negative ion injection beamline into the AEgIS experiment.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK031

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THOXGD1

ELENA - From Commissioning to Operation

proton, MMI, experiment, operation

2391

L. Ponce, L. Bojtár, C. Carli, B. Dupuy, Y. Dutheil, P. Freyermuth, D. Gamba, L.V. Jørgensen, B. Lefort, S. Pasinelli
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

In 2021 the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA) moved from commissioning into the physics production phase providing 100 keV antiprotons to the newly connected experiments paving the way to an improved trapping efficiency by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the AD era. After recalling the major work undertaken during the CERN Long Shutdown 2 (2019-2020) in the antiproton deceleration complex, details will be given on the ELENA ring and the new electrostatic transfer line beam commissioning using an ion source. Sub-sequentially, the progress from commissioning with ions to operation with antiprotons will be described with emphasis on the achieved beam performance. Finally, the impact on the performance of the main hardware systems will be reviewed.

Slides THOXGD1 [9.720 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOXGD1

About •

Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)