IPAC2022 - List of Keywords (alignment)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPOST020	In-Kind Contributions: The PIP-II Project at Fermilab	controls, linac, framework, proton	98
	L. Lari, L. Merminga, A.M. Rowe Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) Project is the first U.S. accelerator project that has significant contributions from international partners. A project management framework was created to fully integrate and make consistent across all partners the design, development, and delivery of In-Kind Contributions (IKC) into PIP-II. This framework consists of planning documentation, procedures, and communication and assessment processes to control schedule, risk, quality, and technical integration over the lifetime of the project. The purpose of this paper is to present the PIP-II IKC model put in place to properly integrate the IKC deliverables into the PIP-II Linac and share experience and lessons learned from its early implementation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST020
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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MOPOST025	Influences of the Transverse Motions of the Particles to the Recombination Rate of a Co-Propagating Electron-Ion System	electron, experiment, target, cavity	112
	G. Wang, D. Kayran, V. Litvinenko, I. Pinayev, P. Thieberger BNL, Upton, New York, USA V. Litvinenko Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. For a system with the ion beam co-propagating with the electron beam, such as a traditional electron cooler or a Coherent electron Cooler (CeC), the recombination rate is an important observable for matching the energy of the electrons with the ions. In this work, we have developed the analytical expressions to investigate how the recombination rate depends on the energy difference of the two beams, with the influences from the transverse motions of the particles being considered. The analytical results are then used to analyze the measured recombination data collected during the CeC experiment in run 21 and run 22.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST025
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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MOPOST042	Using Dynamic Indicators for Probing Single-Particle Stability in Circular Accelerators	lattice, dynamic-aperture, software, simulation	168
	C.E. Montanari, A. Bazzani, G. Turchetti Bologna University, Bologna, Italy M. Giovannozzi, C.E. Montanari CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Computing the long-term behaviour of single-particle motion is a numerically intensive process, as it requires a large number of initial conditions to be tracked for a large number of turns to probe their stability. A possibility to reduce the computational resources required is to provide indicators that can efficiently detect chaotic motion, which are considered precursors to unbounded motion. These indicators could allow skilful selection of a set of initial conditions that could then be considered for long-term tracking. The chaotic nature of each orbit can be assessed by using fast-converging dynamic indicators, such as the Fast Lyapunov Indicator (FLI), the Reversibility Error Method (REM), and the Smallest and Global Alignment Index (SALI and GALI). These indicators are widely used in the field of Celestial Mechanics, but not so widespread in Accelerator Physics. They have been applied both to a modulated Hénon map, as a toy model, as well as to realistic lattices of the High-Luminosity LHC. In this paper, we discuss the results of detailed numerical studies, focusing on their performance in detecting chaotic motions.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST042
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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MOPOPT052	Beam-Based Alignment for LCLS-II CuS Linac-to-Undulator Quadrupoles	quadrupole, target, linac, lattice	377
	X. Huang, D.K. Bohler SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	An advanced method for beam-based alignment that can simultaneously determine the quadrupole centers of multiple magnets has been applied to the LCLS-II CuS linac-to-undulator (LTU) section. The new method modulates the strengths of multiple quadrupoles and monitor the induced trajectory shift. Measurements are repeated with the beam trajectory through the quadrupoles steered with upstream correctors, from which the quadrupole centers can be obtained. Steering of the trajectory to minimize the induced trajectory shift is also done for finding the quadrupole centers.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT052
About •	Received ※ 27 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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MOPOTK001	The Influence of Solenoid Field on Off-Axis Travelling Beam in AREAL Accelerator	solenoid, laser, simulation, experiment	422
	H. Davtyan CANDLE, Yerevan, Armenia G.A. Amatuni, A.A. Asoyan, A. Grigoryan, M.G. Yazichyan CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia A. Grigoryan YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
	A wide range of experiments are being held at AREAL accelerator in the fields of materials science and life sci-ence by generating ultra-short 5 MeV electron beams. Beam parameter formation and stability preservation during the experiments are one of the key tasks of stable operation of the accelerator. Laser spot displacement on the photocathode could be one of the beam parameter distortion sources, which causes off-axis bunch travel also through the solenoid. The influences of laser spot horizontal displacement and the solenoid horizontal misalignment on the beam position at the experiment location are investigated separately via computer simulations. Using a laser spot mover and solenoid movers, an experiment has been carried out to compare simulation results with experiment. *davtyan@asls.candle.am
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK001
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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MOPOTK043	Wakefield Effects Evaluation on Nanometer Small Beam at KEK-ATF	wakefield, simulation, vacuum, cavity	556
	Y. Abe, K. Kubo, T. Okugi, N. Terunuma Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan K. Kubo, T. Okugi, N. Terunuma KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by JST, the establishment of university fellowships towards the creation of science technology innovation, Grant Number JPMJFS2136. This work was also supported by JST SPRING, Grant Number SDP221102. Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) is R&D facility to evaluate final focus technology for small beam required by ILC. The final focus beamline(ATF2) sets the goal to achieve 37 nm vertical beam size and 41 nm beam size had been demonstrated. Moreover, a significant intensity dependence on a nanometer beam size was observed and several studies of the wakefield had been conducted [,,*]. ATF2 is a proper beamline for wakefield studies with low emittance beam and nanometer resolution cavity BPMs and a nanometer beam size monitor. The simulation results were qualitatively cross-checked with experimental results and showed that the effects of some vacuum components and BPMs were significant. Further analysis of the wakefield will be done for flexible components (e.g. bellows). An upgrade of the ATF2 beamline is proposed by including minimization of the wakefield sources, to establish technologies for stable nanometer beam. J.Snuverink et al., PHYS. REV.ACCEL. BEAMS19, 091002. T.Okugi et al., PASJ16, FRPI023, 2019. *P.Korysko et al., PHYS. REV.ACCEL. BEAMS23, 121004.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK043
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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MOPOTK054	Review of Alignment and Stability Tolerances for Advanced Light Sources	SRF, storage-ring, synchrotron, simulation	588
	A. Khan, S.K. Sharma, V.V. Smaluk BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Alignment and mechanical-stability specifications are essential to the performance of low-emittance storage rings. Beam dynamics simulations are usually performed to establish these specifications. However, the simulation procedures and the input parameters related to magnet positions are not well established which leads to differences in the final specifications. In this paper we discuss important parameters of the mechanical/structural systems of the storage ring that impact on the alignment and stability specification. Following a detailed review of the specifications and simulation procedures adopted at several facilities we propose a procedure to be used for a low-emittance upgrade of NSLS-II.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK054
About •	Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
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TUPOST005	RF Voltage Calibration Using Phase Space Tomography in the CERN SPS	cavity, synchrotron, simulation, collective-effects	841
	D. Quartullo, S.C.P. Albright, H. Damerau, A. Lasheen, G. Papotti, C. Zisou CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Voltage calibration using longitudinal phase-space tomography is a purely beam-based technique to determine the effective RF voltage experienced by a bunch. It was applied in the SPS, separately to each of its six accelerating travelling wave structures. A low spread in voltage errors was obtained by carefully optimizing the number of acquired bunch profiles. The technique moreover provided the relative phases of the cavities, which allowed their alignment to be checked. Pairs of cavities were measured as well to validate the consistency of the single-cavity voltages. The beam measurements were repeated after several months to confirm the reproducibility of the results. Longitudinal beam dynamics simulations, including the full SPS impedance model, were performed as a benchmark. The aim was to verify that the effect of the cable transfer-function on the bunch profiles can be neglected, as well as collective effects and small errors in the accelerator parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST005
About •	Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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TUPOST045	Overview of the Machine Learning and Numerical Optimiser Applications on Beam Transfer Systems for LHC and Its Injectors	proton, extraction, kicker, experiment	961
	F.M. Velotti, M.J. Barnes, E. Carlier, Y. Dutheil, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, N. Magnin, R.L. Ramjiawan, E. Renner, P. Van Trappen CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Waagaard Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
	Machine learning and numerical optimisation algorithms are getting more and more popular in the accelerator physics community and, thanks to the computing power available, their application in daily operation more likely. In the CERN accelerator complex, and specifically on the beam transfer systems, many promising exploitation of these numerical tools have been put in place in the last years. Some of the state-of-the-art machine learning models have been explored and used to solve problems that were never fully addressed in the past. In this paper, the most recent results of application of machine learning and numerical optimisation for injection, extraction and transfer of beam from machine and to experimental areas are presented. An overview of the possible next steps and shortcomings is finally discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST045
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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TUPOST054	Experiment of Bayesian Optimization for Trajectory Alignment at Low Energy RHIC Electron Cooler	electron, experiment, collider, controls	987
	Y. Gao, K.A. Brown, X. Gu, J. Morris, S. Seletskiy BNL, Upton, New York, USA J.A. Crittenden, G.H. Hoffstaetter, W. Lin Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation under Award PHY-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams. As the world’s first electron cooler that uses radio frequency (rf) accelerated electron bunches, the low energy RHIC electron cooling (LEReC) system is a nonmagnetized cooler of ion beams in RHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Beam dynamics in LEReC are different from the more conventional electron coolers due to the bunching of the electron beam. To ensure an efficient cooling performance at LEReC, many parameters need to be monitored and fine-tuned. The alignment of the electron and ion trajectories in the LEReC cooling sections is one of the most critical parameters. This work explores using a machine learning (ML) method - Bayesian Optimization (BO) to optimize the trajectories’ alignment. Experimental results demonstrate that ML methods such as BO can perform control tasks efficiently in the RHIC controls system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST054
About •	Received ※ 04 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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TUPOPT065	Dispersion-Free Steering Beam Based Alignment at SwissFEL	undulator, quadrupole, FEL, electron	1163
	E. Ferrari, M. Calvi, R. Ganter, C. Kittel, E. Prat, S. Reiche, T. Schietinger PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland C. Kittel University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta
	Micron-level alignment of the undulator line is required for successful operation of linear accelerator based high gain free electron lasers to produce powerful radiation at X-rays’ wavelengths. Such precision in the straightness of the trajectory allows for an optimal transverse superposition between the electrons and the photon beam. This is extremely challenging and can only be achieved via beam-based techniques. In this paper we will report on the dispersion-free steering approach implemented at SwissFEL, that helped achieving improved performance for both the hard and soft X-ray beamlines.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT065
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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TUPOMS015	Proposal of a Girder Realignment Test in PETRA III	controls, storage-ring, experiment, vacuum	1435
	M. Schaumann, I.V. Agapov, R. Bartolini, M. Bieler, R. Böspflug, D. Einfeld, M.G. Hoffmann, J. Keil, L. Liao, G. Priebe, M. Schlösser, R. Wanzenberg DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	PETRA IV can benefit from the fine control of the girders that carry the storage ring elements to achieve the design beam performance. Based on the corrector magnet strength pattern it is desired to realign girders to stay within the alignment tolerances. In the current PETRA III configuration, the girders in the Max von Laue Hall are equipped for remote alignment, however, those have not been moved since their initial installation and the alignment system is currently not connected to the control system. In preparation for PETRA IV, a movement test of one of the PETRA III girders should confirm the ability to safely and precisely remote control the equipment based on an optics model that describes the effect of the girder movement on the orbit. This paper studies the feasibility of this test and prepares an initial mock-up experiment to be performed on a spare girder.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS015
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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TUPOMS020	Long-Term Orbit Stability in the PETRA III Storage Ring	experiment, operation, storage-ring, status	1449
	L. Liao, M. Bieler, J. Keil, C. Li, M. Schaumann, R. Wanzenberg DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The study of long-term orbit stability in the PETRA III light source plays an important role for the design of its upgrade to PETRA IV. The PETRA III tunnel is made of individual segments that move against each other. Here, the long-term drifts of the tunnel ground that are mostly introduced by temperature variations, are of the highest concern for the PETRA IV alignment tolerances and orbit stability. This paper studies the evolution of the beam orbit and corrector magnet currents over several years and correlates tunnel movement to RMS orbit drifts.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS020
About •	Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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TUPOMS029	Status of the PETRA IV Machine Project	cavity, dipole, operation, emittance	1475
	R. Bartolini, I.V. Agapov, A. Aloev, R. Bacher, R. Böspflug, H.-J. Eckoldt, J. Hauser, M. Hüning, P. Hülsmann, N. Koldrack, B. Krause, L. Lilje, G. Loisch, R. Onken, A. Petrov, S. Pfeiffer, J. Prenting, H. Schlarb, M. Thede, M. Tischer DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	DESY is planning the upgrade of PETRA III to a fourth generation light source, providing high brightness, quasi diffraction limited hard X-ray photons. The project is underpinned by the construction of a new storage ring PETRA IV, based on a 20 pm accelerator lattice using a hybrid 6-bend achromat concept. We review here the status of the machine project, the latest development in the different technical subsystems, the status of the engineering integration and the plans for the implementation of the new ring in the existing PETRA III tunnel.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS029
About •	Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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WEIZSP2	Trapping of Neutral Molecules by the Electromagnetic Beam Field	dipole, vacuum, electron, simulation	1649
	G. Franchetti GSI, Darmstadt, Germany F. Zimmermann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Neutral uncharged molecules are affected by the electromagnetic field of a charged particle beam if they carry either an electric or a magnetic dipole moment. The residual gas in an accelerator beam pipe consists of such molecules. In this paper we study their dynamics. Under a few approximations, whose validity we explore and justify, we derive the equations of motion of neutral molecules and their invariants, determine the conditions for these neutral molecules to become trapped in the field of the beams as function of beam-pipe temperature, and compute the resulting enhancement of molecule density in the vicinity of the beam. We demonstrate that large agglomerates of molecules, "flakes," are much more likely to be pulled into the beam than single molecules, and suggest that this phenomenon might help explain some beam observations at the Large Hadron Collider.
	Slides WEIZSP2 [6.142 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIZSP2
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
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THPOST037	Analysis with MECAmaster on the Chain of Design Tolerances for the Target Systems at the European Spallation Source - ESS	shielding, target, neutron, interface	2524
	A. Bignami, N. Gazis, S. Ghatnekar Nilsson ESS, Lund, Sweden B. Nicquevert CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The European Spallation Source - ESS, has achieved its major construction in Lund, Sweden and is currently continuing in parallel to commissioning its first systems. ESS is characterized by installing and commissioning the most powerful proton LINear ACcelerator (LINAC) designed for neutron production and a 5MW Target system for the production of pulsed neutrons from spallation. The highly challenging and complex design of the Target and Neutron Scattering System (NSS) requires an in-depth analysis of the impact of the stringent manufacturing requirements and tight design tolerances. A campaign of several MECAmaster simulations was performed by ESS Target Division (TD) and Engineering and Integration Support (EIS) Division, focusing on those components that successively come close to their installation and are known for their criticality in terms of achieving the final installation tolerances. The aim of this current study is to investigate and statistically list the possibilities of eventual criticality on the assembly and installation processes, allowing for potential design optimization, tooling implementation and adjustment of the installation procedures.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST037
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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THPOST041	Construction and Manufacturing Process of Siam Photon Source II Storage Ring Girder Prototype	controls, photon, storage-ring, synchrotron	2537
	S. Srichan, S. Klinkhieo, M. Phanak, S. Prabngulueam, P. Pruekthaisong, K. Sittisard SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand O. Utke Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand
	The Siam Photon Source II storage ring is designed with low emittance. This new machine requires a high performance support system and a precise alignment capability. In order to meet these requirements, we have planned for construction of a half-cell component prototype. In the end of 2021, we completed the first girder prototype. This report will describe construction and manufacturing process.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST041
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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THPOPT038	Sirius Injection Optimization	injection, booster, emittance, linac	2672
	X.R. Resende, M.B. Alves, L. Liu, A.C.S. Oliveira, J.V. Quentino, F.H. de Sá LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
	Sirius is the new 3 GeV storage ring (SR)-based 4th generation synchrotron light source built and operated by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) located in the CNPEM campus, in Campinas. The foreseeable move to a top-up injection scheme demands improvement of injection efficiency and repeatability levels. In this work we report on the latest efforts in optimizing the Sirius injection system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT038
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPOST020

In-Kind Contributions: The PIP-II Project at Fermilab

controls, linac, framework, proton

98

L. Lari, L. Merminga, A.M. Rowe
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) Project is the first U.S. accelerator project that has significant contributions from international partners. A project management framework was created to fully integrate and make consistent across all partners the design, development, and delivery of In-Kind Contributions (IKC) into PIP-II. This framework consists of planning documentation, procedures, and communication and assessment processes to control schedule, risk, quality, and technical integration over the lifetime of the project. The purpose of this paper is to present the PIP-II IKC model put in place to properly integrate the IKC deliverables into the PIP-II Linac and share experience and lessons learned from its early implementation.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST020

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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MOPOST025

Influences of the Transverse Motions of the Particles to the Recombination Rate of a Co-Propagating Electron-Ion System

electron, experiment, target, cavity

112

G. Wang, D. Kayran, V. Litvinenko, I. Pinayev, P. Thieberger
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
V. Litvinenko
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
For a system with the ion beam co-propagating with the electron beam, such as a traditional electron cooler or a Coherent electron Cooler (CeC), the recombination rate is an important observable for matching the energy of the electrons with the ions. In this work, we have developed the analytical expressions to investigate how the recombination rate depends on the energy difference of the two beams, with the influences from the transverse motions of the particles being considered. The analytical results are then used to analyze the measured recombination data collected during the CeC experiment in run 21 and run 22.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST025

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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MOPOST042

Using Dynamic Indicators for Probing Single-Particle Stability in Circular Accelerators

lattice, dynamic-aperture, software, simulation

168

C.E. Montanari, A. Bazzani, G. Turchetti
Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
M. Giovannozzi, C.E. Montanari
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Computing the long-term behaviour of single-particle motion is a numerically intensive process, as it requires a large number of initial conditions to be tracked for a large number of turns to probe their stability. A possibility to reduce the computational resources required is to provide indicators that can efficiently detect chaotic motion, which are considered precursors to unbounded motion. These indicators could allow skilful selection of a set of initial conditions that could then be considered for long-term tracking. The chaotic nature of each orbit can be assessed by using fast-converging dynamic indicators, such as the Fast Lyapunov Indicator (FLI), the Reversibility Error Method (REM), and the Smallest and Global Alignment Index (SALI and GALI). These indicators are widely used in the field of Celestial Mechanics, but not so widespread in Accelerator Physics. They have been applied both to a modulated Hénon map, as a toy model, as well as to realistic lattices of the High-Luminosity LHC. In this paper, we discuss the results of detailed numerical studies, focusing on their performance in detecting chaotic motions.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST042

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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MOPOPT052

Beam-Based Alignment for LCLS-II CuS Linac-to-Undulator Quadrupoles

quadrupole, target, linac, lattice

377

X. Huang, D.K. Bohler
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

An advanced method for beam-based alignment that can simultaneously determine the quadrupole centers of multiple magnets has been applied to the LCLS-II CuS linac-to-undulator (LTU) section. The new method modulates the strengths of multiple quadrupoles and monitor the induced trajectory shift. Measurements are repeated with the beam trajectory through the quadrupoles steered with upstream correctors, from which the quadrupole centers can be obtained. Steering of the trajectory to minimize the induced trajectory shift is also done for finding the quadrupole centers.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT052

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Received ※ 27 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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MOPOTK001

The Influence of Solenoid Field on Off-Axis Travelling Beam in AREAL Accelerator

solenoid, laser, simulation, experiment

422

H. Davtyan
CANDLE, Yerevan, Armenia
G.A. Amatuni, A.A. Asoyan, A. Grigoryan, M.G. Yazichyan
CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
A. Grigoryan
YSU, Yerevan, Armenia

A wide range of experiments are being held at AREAL accelerator in the fields of materials science and life sci-ence by generating ultra-short 5 MeV electron beams. Beam parameter formation and stability preservation during the experiments are one of the key tasks of stable operation of the accelerator. Laser spot displacement on the photocathode could be one of the beam parameter distortion sources, which causes off-axis bunch travel also through the solenoid. The influences of laser spot horizontal displacement and the solenoid horizontal misalignment on the beam position at the experiment location are investigated separately via computer simulations. Using a laser spot mover and solenoid movers, an experiment has been carried out to compare simulation results with experiment.
*davtyan@asls.candle.am

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK001

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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MOPOTK043

Wakefield Effects Evaluation on Nanometer Small Beam at KEK-ATF

wakefield, simulation, vacuum, cavity

556

Y. Abe, K. Kubo, T. Okugi, N. Terunuma
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Kubo, T. Okugi, N. Terunuma
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by JST, the establishment of university fellowships towards the creation of science technology innovation, Grant Number JPMJFS2136. This work was also supported by JST SPRING, Grant Number SDP221102.
Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) is R&D facility to evaluate final focus technology for small beam required by ILC. The final focus beamline(ATF2) sets the goal to achieve 37 nm vertical beam size and 41 nm beam size had been demonstrated. Moreover, a significant intensity dependence on a nanometer beam size was observed and several studies of the wakefield had been conducted [*,**,***]. ATF2 is a proper beamline for wakefield studies with low emittance beam and nanometer resolution cavity BPMs and a nanometer beam size monitor. The simulation results were qualitatively cross-checked with experimental results and showed that the effects of some vacuum components and BPMs were significant. Further analysis of the wakefield will be done for flexible components (e.g. bellows). An upgrade of the ATF2 beamline is proposed by including minimization of the wakefield sources, to establish technologies for stable nanometer beam.
*J.Snuverink et al., PHYS. REV.ACCEL. BEAMS19, 091002.
**T.Okugi et al., PASJ16, FRPI023, 2019.
***P.Korysko et al., PHYS. REV.ACCEL. BEAMS23, 121004.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK043

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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MOPOTK054

Review of Alignment and Stability Tolerances for Advanced Light Sources

SRF, storage-ring, synchrotron, simulation

588

A. Khan, S.K. Sharma, V.V. Smaluk
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Alignment and mechanical-stability specifications are essential to the performance of low-emittance storage rings. Beam dynamics simulations are usually performed to establish these specifications. However, the simulation procedures and the input parameters related to magnet positions are not well established which leads to differences in the final specifications. In this paper we discuss important parameters of the mechanical/structural systems of the storage ring that impact on the alignment and stability specification. Following a detailed review of the specifications and simulation procedures adopted at several facilities we propose a procedure to be used for a low-emittance upgrade of NSLS-II.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK054

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Received ※ 18 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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TUPOST005

RF Voltage Calibration Using Phase Space Tomography in the CERN SPS

cavity, synchrotron, simulation, collective-effects

841

D. Quartullo, S.C.P. Albright, H. Damerau, A. Lasheen, G. Papotti, C. Zisou
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Voltage calibration using longitudinal phase-space tomography is a purely beam-based technique to determine the effective RF voltage experienced by a bunch. It was applied in the SPS, separately to each of its six accelerating travelling wave structures. A low spread in voltage errors was obtained by carefully optimizing the number of acquired bunch profiles. The technique moreover provided the relative phases of the cavities, which allowed their alignment to be checked. Pairs of cavities were measured as well to validate the consistency of the single-cavity voltages. The beam measurements were repeated after several months to confirm the reproducibility of the results. Longitudinal beam dynamics simulations, including the full SPS impedance model, were performed as a benchmark. The aim was to verify that the effect of the cable transfer-function on the bunch profiles can be neglected, as well as collective effects and small errors in the accelerator parameters.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST005

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Received ※ 30 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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TUPOST045

Overview of the Machine Learning and Numerical Optimiser Applications on Beam Transfer Systems for LHC and Its Injectors

proton, extraction, kicker, experiment

961

F.M. Velotti, M.J. Barnes, E. Carlier, Y. Dutheil, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, N. Magnin, R.L. Ramjiawan, E. Renner, P. Van Trappen
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Waagaard
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Machine learning and numerical optimisation algorithms are getting more and more popular in the accelerator physics community and, thanks to the computing power available, their application in daily operation more likely. In the CERN accelerator complex, and specifically on the beam transfer systems, many promising exploitation of these numerical tools have been put in place in the last years. Some of the state-of-the-art machine learning models have been explored and used to solve problems that were never fully addressed in the past. In this paper, the most recent results of application of machine learning and numerical optimisation for injection, extraction and transfer of beam from machine and to experimental areas are presented. An overview of the possible next steps and shortcomings is finally discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST045

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Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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TUPOST054

Experiment of Bayesian Optimization for Trajectory Alignment at Low Energy RHIC Electron Cooler

electron, experiment, collider, controls

987

Y. Gao, K.A. Brown, X. Gu, J. Morris, S. Seletskiy
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
J.A. Crittenden, G.H. Hoffstaetter, W. Lin
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation under Award PHY-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams.
As the world’s first electron cooler that uses radio frequency (rf) accelerated electron bunches, the low energy RHIC electron cooling (LEReC) system is a nonmagnetized cooler of ion beams in RHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Beam dynamics in LEReC are different from the more conventional electron coolers due to the bunching of the electron beam. To ensure an efficient cooling performance at LEReC, many parameters need to be monitored and fine-tuned. The alignment of the electron and ion trajectories in the LEReC cooling sections is one of the most critical parameters. This work explores using a machine learning (ML) method - Bayesian Optimization (BO) to optimize the trajectories’ alignment. Experimental results demonstrate that ML methods such as BO can perform control tasks efficiently in the RHIC controls system.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST054

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Received ※ 04 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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TUPOPT065

Dispersion-Free Steering Beam Based Alignment at SwissFEL

undulator, quadrupole, FEL, electron

1163

E. Ferrari, M. Calvi, R. Ganter, C. Kittel, E. Prat, S. Reiche, T. Schietinger
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
C. Kittel
University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta

Micron-level alignment of the undulator line is required for successful operation of linear accelerator based high gain free electron lasers to produce powerful radiation at X-rays’ wavelengths. Such precision in the straightness of the trajectory allows for an optimal transverse superposition between the electrons and the photon beam. This is extremely challenging and can only be achieved via beam-based techniques. In this paper we will report on the dispersion-free steering approach implemented at SwissFEL, that helped achieving improved performance for both the hard and soft X-ray beamlines.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT065

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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TUPOMS015

Proposal of a Girder Realignment Test in PETRA III

controls, storage-ring, experiment, vacuum

1435

M. Schaumann, I.V. Agapov, R. Bartolini, M. Bieler, R. Böspflug, D. Einfeld, M.G. Hoffmann, J. Keil, L. Liao, G. Priebe, M. Schlösser, R. Wanzenberg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

PETRA IV can benefit from the fine control of the girders that carry the storage ring elements to achieve the design beam performance. Based on the corrector magnet strength pattern it is desired to realign girders to stay within the alignment tolerances. In the current PETRA III configuration, the girders in the Max von Laue Hall are equipped for remote alignment, however, those have not been moved since their initial installation and the alignment system is currently not connected to the control system. In preparation for PETRA IV, a movement test of one of the PETRA III girders should confirm the ability to safely and precisely remote control the equipment based on an optics model that describes the effect of the girder movement on the orbit. This paper studies the feasibility of this test and prepares an initial mock-up experiment to be performed on a spare girder.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS015

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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TUPOMS020

Long-Term Orbit Stability in the PETRA III Storage Ring

experiment, operation, storage-ring, status

1449

L. Liao, M. Bieler, J. Keil, C. Li, M. Schaumann, R. Wanzenberg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The study of long-term orbit stability in the PETRA III light source plays an important role for the design of its upgrade to PETRA IV. The PETRA III tunnel is made of individual segments that move against each other. Here, the long-term drifts of the tunnel ground that are mostly introduced by temperature variations, are of the highest concern for the PETRA IV alignment tolerances and orbit stability. This paper studies the evolution of the beam orbit and corrector magnet currents over several years and correlates tunnel movement to RMS orbit drifts.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS020

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Received ※ 16 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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TUPOMS029

Status of the PETRA IV Machine Project

cavity, dipole, operation, emittance

1475

R. Bartolini, I.V. Agapov, A. Aloev, R. Bacher, R. Böspflug, H.-J. Eckoldt, J. Hauser, M. Hüning, P. Hülsmann, N. Koldrack, B. Krause, L. Lilje, G. Loisch, R. Onken, A. Petrov, S. Pfeiffer, J. Prenting, H. Schlarb, M. Thede, M. Tischer
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

DESY is planning the upgrade of PETRA III to a fourth generation light source, providing high brightness, quasi diffraction limited hard X-ray photons. The project is underpinned by the construction of a new storage ring PETRA IV, based on a 20 pm accelerator lattice using a hybrid 6-bend achromat concept. We review here the status of the machine project, the latest development in the different technical subsystems, the status of the engineering integration and the plans for the implementation of the new ring in the existing PETRA III tunnel.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS029

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Received ※ 14 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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WEIZSP2

Trapping of Neutral Molecules by the Electromagnetic Beam Field

dipole, vacuum, electron, simulation

1649

G. Franchetti
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
F. Zimmermann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Neutral uncharged molecules are affected by the electromagnetic field of a charged particle beam if they carry either an electric or a magnetic dipole moment. The residual gas in an accelerator beam pipe consists of such molecules. In this paper we study their dynamics. Under a few approximations, whose validity we explore and justify, we derive the equations of motion of neutral molecules and their invariants, determine the conditions for these neutral molecules to become trapped in the field of the beams as function of beam-pipe temperature, and compute the resulting enhancement of molecule density in the vicinity of the beam. We demonstrate that large agglomerates of molecules, "flakes," are much more likely to be pulled into the beam than single molecules, and suggest that this phenomenon might help explain some beam observations at the Large Hadron Collider.

Slides WEIZSP2 [6.142 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIZSP2

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022

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THPOST037

Analysis with MECAmaster on the Chain of Design Tolerances for the Target Systems at the European Spallation Source - ESS

shielding, target, neutron, interface

2524

A. Bignami, N. Gazis, S. Ghatnekar Nilsson
ESS, Lund, Sweden
B. Nicquevert
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The European Spallation Source - ESS, has achieved its major construction in Lund, Sweden and is currently continuing in parallel to commissioning its first systems. ESS is characterized by installing and commissioning the most powerful proton LINear ACcelerator (LINAC) designed for neutron production and a 5MW Target system for the production of pulsed neutrons from spallation. The highly challenging and complex design of the Target and Neutron Scattering System (NSS) requires an in-depth analysis of the impact of the stringent manufacturing requirements and tight design tolerances. A campaign of several MECAmaster simulations was performed by ESS Target Division (TD) and Engineering and Integration Support (EIS) Division, focusing on those components that successively come close to their installation and are known for their criticality in terms of achieving the final installation tolerances. The aim of this current study is to investigate and statistically list the possibilities of eventual criticality on the assembly and installation processes, allowing for potential design optimization, tooling implementation and adjustment of the installation procedures.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST037

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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THPOST041

Construction and Manufacturing Process of Siam Photon Source II Storage Ring Girder Prototype

controls, photon, storage-ring, synchrotron

2537

S. Srichan, S. Klinkhieo, M. Phanak, S. Prabngulueam, P. Pruekthaisong, K. Sittisard
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
O. Utke
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand

The Siam Photon Source II storage ring is designed with low emittance. This new machine requires a high performance support system and a precise alignment capability. In order to meet these requirements, we have planned for construction of a half-cell component prototype. In the end of 2021, we completed the first girder prototype. This report will describe construction and manufacturing process.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST041

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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THPOPT038

Sirius Injection Optimization

injection, booster, emittance, linac

2672

X.R. Resende, M.B. Alves, L. Liu, A.C.S. Oliveira, J.V. Quentino, F.H. de Sá
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

Sirius is the new 3 GeV storage ring (SR)-based 4th generation synchrotron light source built and operated by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) located in the CNPEM campus, in Campinas. The foreseeable move to a top-up injection scheme demands improvement of injection efficiency and repeatability levels. In this work we report on the latest efforts in optimizing the Sirius injection system.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT038

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 June 2022

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