IPAC2022 - List of Keywords (MMI)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPOST006	Beam Commissioning and Optimisation in the CERN Proton Synchrotron After the Upgrade of the LHC Injectors	vacuum, proton, operation, synchrotron	54
	A. Huschauer, M.R. Coly, D.G. Cotte, H. Damerau, M. Delrieux, J.-C. Dumont, Y. Dutheil, S.E.R. Easton, M.A. Fraser, O. Hans, G.I. Imesch, S. Joly, A. Lasheen, C.L. Lombard, R. Maillet, B. Mikulec, J.-M. Nonglaton, S. Sainz Perez, B. Salvant, R. Suykerbuyk, F. Tecker, R. Valera Teruel CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The CERN LHC injector chain underwent a major upgrade during the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) in the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project. After 2 years of installation work, the Proton Synchrotron (PS) was restarted in 2021 with the goal to achieve pre-LS2 beam quality by the end of 2021. This contribution details the main beam commissioning milestones, encountered difficulties and lessons learned. The status of the fixed-target and LHC beams will be given and improvements in terms of performance, controls and tools described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST006
About •	Received ※ 01 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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MOPOST007	Summary of the First Fully Operational Run of LINAC4 at CERN	linac, operation, cavity, injection	58
	P.K. Skowroński, G. Bellodi, B. Bielawski, R.B. Borner, G.P. Di Giovanni, E. Gousiou, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi, B. Mikulec, J. Parra-Lopez, F. Roncarolo, J.L. Sanchez Alvarez, R. Scrivens, L. Timeo, R. Wegner CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	In December 2020 the newly commissioned LINAC4 started delivering beam for the CERN proton accelerator chain, replacing the old LINAC2. LINAC4 is a 352 MHz normal conducting linac, providing a beam of negative hydrogen ions at 160 MeV that are converted into protons at injection into the PS Booster synchrotron. In this paper we report on the achieved beam performance, availability, reproducibility and other operational aspects of LINAC4 during its first fully operational year. We also present the machine developments performed and the plans for future improvements.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST007
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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MOPOST010	Deuteron Beam Power Ramp-Up at SPIRAL2	linac, MEBT, cavity, LEBT	70
	A.K. Orduz, M. Di Giacomo, R. Ferdinand, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand GANIL, Caen, France D.U. Uriot CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	The SPIRAL2 linac commissioning started on 8 July 2019 after obtaining the authorisation to operate by the French Safety Authority. The tuning of the two Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT), Superconducting (SC) linac and High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) was done with H⁺, 4He2+ and D⁺ beams during three periods of six months each in 2019, 2020 and 2021. The results obtained in 2021 with a D⁺ beam are presented. The strategy for the tuning of the MEBT, including three rebunchers, is described. The comparison between the beam parameter measurements and reference simulations are also presented. The main results of the power ramp-up to 10 kW in the linac with a 5 mA D⁺ beam are next reported. Finally, the extrapolation from the nominal power (200 kW) to the obtained results is analysed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST010
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022
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MOPOST021	ReAccelerator Upgrade, Commissioning and First Experiments at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) / Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB)	cryomodule, experiment, linac, ion-source	101
	A.C.C. Villari, G. Bollen, K.D. Davidson, K. Fukushima, A.I. Henriques, K. Holland, S.H. Kim, A. Lapierre, T. Maruta, D.G. Morris, S. Nash, P.N. Ostroumov, A.S. Plastun, J. Priller, B.M. Sherrill, R. Walker, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA B. Arend, D.B. Crisp, D.J. Morrissey, M. Steiner NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the NSF under grant PHY15-65546 and DOE-SC under award number DE-SC0000661 The reaccelerator ReA is a state-of-the-art super-conducting linac for reaccelerating rare isotope beams produced via inflight fragmentation or fission and subse-quent beam stopping. ReA was subject of an upgrade that increased its final beam energy from 3 MeV/u to 6 MeV/u for ions with charge over mass equal to 1/4. The upgrade included a new room-temperature rebuncher after the first section of acceleration, a new β = 0.085 QWR cryomodule and two new beamlines in a new ex-perimental vault. During commissioning, beams were accelerated with near 100 percent transport efficiency through the linac and delivered through beam transport lines. Measured beam characteristics match those calcu-lated. Following commissioning, stable and long living rare isotope beams from a Batch Mode Ion Source (BMIS) were accelerated and delivered to experiments. This con-tribution will briefly describe the upgrade, and results from beam commissioning and beam delivery for experi-ments.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST021
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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MOPOST022	Upgrade of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole of the ReAccelerator at NSCL/FRIB	rfq, operation, vacuum, RF-structure	104
	A.S. Plastun, J. Brandon, A.I. Henriques, S.H. Kim, D.G. Morris, S. Nash, P.N. Ostroumov, A.C.C. Villari, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA D.B. Crisp, D.P. Sanderson NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant PHY15-65546 The ReA-RFQ is a four-rod room-temperature structure aimed to be the first step acceleration of rare isotopes as well as stable beams before injection into the ReA SRF linac. The beams of charge to mass ratios of 1/5 to 1/2 from the Electron Beam Ion Trap at 12 keV/u should be accelerated to at least 500 keV/u to be efficiently accelerated in the main SRF linac. Since the commissioning of the original ReA RFQ in 2010 the design voltage has never been reached, and CW operation was never achieved due to cooling issues. In 2016 a new design including trapezoidal modulation was proposed, which permitted achieving increased reliability, and would allow reaching the original required specifications. The proposed new rods were built and installed in 2019 and commissioned in the same year. Since then, the RFQ has been working very successfully. Recently it was opened for inspection and verification of its internal status. No damage and discoloration were observed. This contribution will describe the RFQ rebuild process, involving specific RF protections and other technical aspects related to the assembly of the structure. Results of the operation with a variety of beams will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST022
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022
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MOPOST035	Operational Experience and Performance of the REX/HIE-ISOLDE Linac	ISOL, linac, experiment, operation	140
	J.A. Rodriguez, N. Bidault, E. Fadakis, P. Fernier, M.L. Lozano, S. Mataguez, E. Piselli, E. Siesling CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Located at CERN, ISOLDE is one of the world’s lead-ing research facilities in the field of nuclear science. Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) are produced when 1.4 GeV protons transferred from the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) to the facility impinge on one of the two available targets. The RIB of interest is extracted, mass-separated and transported to one of the experimental stations, either directly, or after being accelerated in the REX/HIE-ISOLDE post-accelerator. In addition to a Penning trap (REXTRAP) to accumulate and transversely cool the beam and a charge breeder (REXEBIS) to boost the charge state of the ions, the post-accelerator includes a linac with both room temperature (REX linac) and superconducting (HIE-ISOLDE linac) sections followed by three HEBT lines to deliver the beam to the different experimental stations. The latest upgrades of the facility as well as a comprehensive list of the RIBs delivered to the users of the facility and the operational experience gained during the last physics campaigns will be presented in this contribution.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST035
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
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MOPOPT006	Characterization of the Electron Beam Visualization Stations of the ThomX Accelerator	HOM, target, diagnostics, controls	240
	A. Moutardier, C. Bruni, J-N. Cayla, I. Chaikovska, S. Chancé, N. Delerue, H. Guler, H. Monard, M. Omeich, S.D. Williams Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France S.D. Williams The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
	Funding: Research Agency under the Equipex convention ANR-10-EQPX-0051. We present an overview of the diagnostics screens stations - named SSTs - of the ThomX compact Compton source. ThomX is a compact light source based on Compton backscattering. It features a linac and a storage ring in which the electrons have an energy of 50 MeV. Each SST is composed of three screens, a YAG:Ce screen and an Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) screen for transverse measurements and a calibration target for magnification and resolution characterisation. The optical system is based on commercial lenses that have been reverse-engineered. An Arduino is used to control both the aperture and the focus remotely, while the magnification must be modified using an external motor. We report on the overall performance of the station as measured during the first steps of beam commissioning and on the optical system remote operations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT006
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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MOPOPT040	Summary of the Post-Long Shutdown 2 LHC Hardware Commissioning Campaign	dipole, operation, target, hardware	335
	A. Apollonio, O.O. Andreassen, A. Antoine, T. Argyropoulos, M.C. Bastos, M. Bednarek, B. Bordini, K. Brodzinski, A. Calia, Z. Charifoulline, G.-J. Coelingh, G. D’Angelo, D. Delikaris, R. Denz, L. Fiscarelli, V. Froidbise, M.A. Galilée, J.C. Garnier, R. Gorbonosov, P. Hagen, M. Hostettler, D. Jacquet, S. Le Naour, D. Mirarchi, V. Montabonnet, B.I. Panev, T.H.B. Persson, T. Podzorny, M. Pojer, E. Ravaioli, F. Rodriguez-Mateos, A.P. Siemko, M. Solfaroli, J. Spasic, A. Stanisz, J. Steckert, R. Steerenberg, S. Sudak, H. Thiesen, E. Todesco, G. Trad, J.A. Uythoven, S. Uznanski, A.P. Verweij, J. Wenninger, G.P. Willering, D. Wollmann, S. Yammine CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland V. Vizziello INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
	In this contribution we provide a summary of the LHC hardware commissioning campaign following the second CERN Long Shutdown (LS2), initially targeting the nominal LHC energy of 7 TeV. A summary of the test procedures and tools used for testing the LHC superconducting circuits is given, together with statistics on the successful test execution. The paper then focuses on the experience and observations during the main dipole training campaign, describing the encountered problems, the related analysis and mitigation measures, ultimately leading to the decision to reduce the energy target to 6.8 TeV. The re-commissioning of two powering sectors, following the identified problems, is discussed in detail. The paper concludes with an outlook to the future hardware commissioning campaigns, discussing the lessons learnt and possible strategies moving forward.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT040
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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MOPOPT047	Experimental Demonstration of Machine Learning Application in LHC Optics Commissioning	optics, quadrupole, simulation, diagnostics	359
	E. Fol, F.S. Carlier, J. Dilly, M. Hofer, J. Keintzel, M. Le Garrec, E.H. Maclean, T.H.B. Persson, F. Soubelet, R. Tomás García, A. Wegscheider CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland J.F. Cardona UNAL, Bogota D.C, Colombia
	Recently, we conducted successful studies on the suitability of machine learning (ML) methods for optics measurements and corrections, incorporating novel ML-based methods for local optics corrections and reconstruction of optics functions. After performing extensive verifications on simulations and past measurement data, the newly developed techniques became operational in the LHC commissioning 2022. We present the experimental results obtained with the ML-based methods and discuss future improvements. Besides, we also report on improving the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) diagnostics with the help of the anomaly detection technique capable to identify malfunctioning BPMs along with their possible fault causes.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT047
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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MOPOPT056	Commissioning of a Gas Jet Beam Profile Monitor for EBTS and LHC	electron, photon, simulation, vacuum	393
	H.D. Zhang, N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, O. Sedláček, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M. Ady, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, I. Papazoglou, A. Rossi, G. Schneider, O. Sedláček, K. Sidorowski, R. Veness CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland P. Forck, S. Udrea GSI, Darmstadt, Germany N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, O. Sedláček, O. Stringer, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: This work is supported by the HL-LHC-UK II project funded by STFC and CERN and the STFC Cockcroft core grant No. ST/G008248/1. A gas jet beam profile monitor was designed for measuring the electron beam at the electron beam test stand (EBTS) for the Hollow electron lens (HEL) and the proton beam in the large hadron collider (LHC). It is partially installed in the LHC during the second long shutdown. The current monitor is tailored to the accelerator environment including vacuum, geometry, and magnetic field for both the EBTS and the LHC. It features a compact design, a higher gas jet density, and a wider curtain size for a better integration time and a larger detecting range. In this contribution, the commissioning of this monitor at the Cockcroft Institute will be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT056
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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MOPOTK004	Status of the Soleil Upgrade Lattice Robustness Studies	lattice, injection, simulation, optics	433
	O.R. Blanco-García INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy D. Amorim, A. Loulergue, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France M.A. Deniaud JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
	The SOLEIL synchrotron has entered its Technical Design Report (TDR) phase for the upgrade of its storage ring to a fourth generation synchrotron light source. Verification of the equipment specifications (alignment, magnets, power supplies, BPMs), and the methodology for optics corrections are critical in order to ensure the feasibility of rapid commissioning restoring full performance for daily operations. The end-to-end simulation, from beam threading in the first turns to beam storage and stacking, should be handled with a comprehensive model close to the actual commissioning procedure, taking into account all practical steps. During 2021 and 2022, the CDR lattice has undergone significant modifications in response to additional constraints. In this paper, we present an update of the robustness studies for the TDR baseline lattice.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK004
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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MOPOMS014	Commissioning of a High-Gradient X-Band RF Gun Powered by Short RF Pulses from a Wakefield Accelerator	gun, electron, laser, cathode	652
	W.H. Tan, X. Lu, P. Piot Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA S.P. Antipov, C.-J. Jing, E.W. Knight, S.V. Kuzikov Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA D.S. Doran, G. Ha, C.-J. Jing, W. Liu, X. Lu, P. Piot, P. Piot, J.G. Power, J. Shao, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. DOE, under award No. DE-SC0018656 to NIU, DOE SBIR grant No DE-SC0018709 at Euclid Techlabs LLC, and contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 with ANL. A high-gradient X-band (11.7-GHz) photoinjector developed by Euclid Techlabs, was recently commissioned at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA). The system comprises a 1+1/2-cell RF gun powered by short RF pulses generated as a train of high-charge bunches from the AWA accelerator passes through a slow-wave power extraction and transfer structure. The RF photoinjector was reliably operating with electric fields in excess of 300 MV/m on the photocathode surface free of breakdown and with an insignificant dark-current level. We report on the RF-gun setup, commissioning, and the associated beam generation via photoemission.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS014
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 18 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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MOPOMS048	Fast Trigger System for Beam Abort System in SuperKEKB	hardware, kicker, detector, power-supply	754
	H. Ikeda, T. Mimashi, S. Nakamura, T. Oki, S. Sasaki KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	In order to protect the hardware components of the de-tector and accelerator from sudden beam loss of high beam currents, the fast beam abort system is developed in the SuperKEKB. The previous abort system was not fast enough for sudden beam loss that caused QCS quench, and it gave a damage to the collimator and the Belle-II detector. A fast abort system is required to pre-venting such damage. The abort system consists of sev-eral sensors that generate interlock signal (the loss moni-tor, dose in the Bell-II detector, and the magnet failure etc.), optical cable system to transfer the interlock signal to central control room (CCR), the abort trigger signal generation system and the abort kicker. To reduce total time, we reduce transmission time from local control room to CCR by changing signal cable route. Since the interlock signal produced by magnet power supply was slow, we modified the magnet power supply. For more quick generation of abort trigger signal, we increased number of the abort gap. By these improvements, an average abort time is reduced from 31µsec to 25µsec. This improvement looks small, but it brought preventing the serious radiation damage to many hardware compo-nents. Detail of the system and result is presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS048
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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TUOXSP1	Origin and Mitigation of the Beam-Induced Surface Modifications of the LHC Beam Screens	electron, radiation, cryogenics, ECR	780
	V. Petit, P. Chiggiato, M. Himmerlich, S. Marinoni, H. Neupert, M. Taborelli, L.J. Tavian CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	All over Run 2, the LHC beam-induced heat load on the cryogenic system exhibited a wide scattering along the ring. Studies ascribed the heat source to electron cloud build-up, indicating an unexpected high Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) of the beam screen surface in some LHC regions. The inner copper surface of high and low heat load beam screens, extracted during the Long Shutdown 2, was analysed. On the low heat load ones, the surface was covered with the native Cu2O oxide, while on the high heat load ones CuO dominated at surface, and it exhibited a very low carbon coverage. Such chemical modifications increase the SEY and inhibit a proper conditioning of the affected surfaces. Following this characterisation, the mechanisms for CuO build-up in the LHC beam pipe were investigated on a newly commissioned cryogenic system allowing electron irradiation, surface chemical characterisation by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and SEY measurements on samples held below 15 K. In parallel, curative solutions against the presence of CuO in the LHC beam screens were explored, which could be implemented in-situ to recover a proper conditioning and lower the beam-induced heat load.
	Slides TUOXSP1 [2.669 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOXSP1
About •	Received ※ 17 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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TUIYGD3	FRIB Commissioning and Early Operations	linac, target, controls, operation	802
	J. Wei, H. Ao, S. Beher, G. Bollen, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, W. Chang, Y. Choi, S. Cogan, C. Compton, M. Cortesi, J.C. Curtin, K.D. Davidson, X.-J. Du, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Facco, A. Fila, K. Fukushima, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, T. Glasmacher, J.-W. Guo, Y. Hao, W. Hartung, N.M. Hasan, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, H.-C. Hseuh, M. Ikegami, D.D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.H. Kim, C. Knowles, P. Knudsen, T. Konomi, B.R. Kortum, T. Lange, M. Larmann, T.L. Larter, K. Laturkar, R.E. Laxdal, J. LeTourneau, Z. Li, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, C. Magsig, P.E. Manwiller, F. Marti, T. Maruta, E.S. Metzgar, S.J. Miller, Y. Momozaki, D.G. Morris, M. Mugerian, I.N. Nesterenko, C. Nguyen, P.N. Ostroumov, M.S. Patil, A.S. Plastun, J.T. Popielarski, L. Popielarski, M. Portillo, J. Priller, X. Rao, M.A. Reaume, H.T. Ren, K. Saito, B.M. Sherrill, A. Stolz, B.P. Tousignant, R. Walker, X. Wang, J.D. Wenstrom, G. West, K. Witgen, M. Wright, T. Xu, T. Xu, Y. Yamazaki, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA B. Arend, T.N. Ginter, E. Kwan, M.K. Smith, M. Steiner, O. Tarasov NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA A. Facco INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy K. Hosoyama KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M.P. Kelly, Y. Momozaki ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA R.E. Laxdal TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada M. Wiseman JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) project has completed technical construction in January 2022, five months ahead of schedule baselined about 10 years ago. Beam commissioning has been planned in seven phases starting from 2017 when the normal-conducting ion source and RFQ were commissioned. In April 2021, FRIB driver linac commissioning was completed with heavy ion beams being accelerated to energies above 200 MeV/u using 324 superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) resonators contained in 46 cryomodules. In preparation for high-power operations, a liquid lithium charge strip-per was used to strip uranium beam from average charge state of 33+ to 78+, and multiple charge states were accelerated simultaneously in the linac. By January 2022, FRIB target and fragment separator commissioning was completed with rare-isotope beams produced and identified. In May 2022, the first FRIB user scientific experiment was successfully conducted. This talk summarizes the FRIB accelerator project commissioning and early operations experience with discussions on strategic planning, operational envelope conformance, technical risk mitigation, and lessons learned.
	Slides TUIYGD3 [23.483 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUIYGD3
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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TUPOST015	Commissioning and First Results of an X-Band LLRF System for TEX Test Facility at LNF-INFN	LLRF, klystron, GUI, network	876
	L. Piersanti, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bini, B. Buonomo, F. Cardelli, C. Di Giulio, E. Di Pasquale, M. Diomede, L. Faillace, A. Falone, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, G. Giannetti, A. Liedl, D. Moriggi, S. Pioli, S. Quaglia, L. Sabbatini, M. Scampati, G. Scarselletta, A. Stella, S. Tocci, L. Zelinotti LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
	Funding: Latino is a project co-funded by Regione Lazio within POR-FESR 2014-2020 program In the framework of LATINO project (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) funded by Lazio regional government, the commissioning of the TEst stand for X-band (TEX) facility has started in 2021 at Frascati National Laboratories of INFN. Born as a collaboration with CERN to test high gradient accelerating structures, during 2022 TEX aims at feeding the first EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB X-band structure prototype. During 2021 the commissioning has been successfully carried out up to 48 MW. The power unit is driven by an X-band low level RF system, that employs a commercial S-band (2.856 GHz) Libera digital LLRF (manufactured by Instrumentation Technologies), with an up/down conversion stage and a reference generation and distribution system able to produce coherent frequencies for the American S-band and European X-band (11.994 GHz), both designed and realized at LNF. The performance of the system, with a particular focus on amplitude and phase resolution, together with klystron and driver amplifier jitter measurements, will be reviewed in this paper. Moreover, considerations on its suitability and main limitations in view of EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project will be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST015
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOST025	Beam Commissioning of the New Digital Low-Level RF System for CERN’s AD	LLRF, operation, timing, proton	911
	M.E. Angoletta, S.C.P. Albright, D. Barrientos, A. Findlay, M. Jaussi, A. Rey, M. Sumiński CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator (AD) has been re-furbished to provide reliable operation for the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA). In particular, AD was equipped with a new digital Low-Level RF (LLRF) system that was successfully commissioned during the summer 2021. The new AD LLRF system has routinely captured and decelerated more than 3·10⁷ antiprotons from 3.5 GeV/c to 100 MeV/c in successive steps, referred to as RF segments, interleaved by cooling periods. The LLRF system implements the frequency program from Btrain data received over optical fiber. Beam phase/radial and cavity amplitude/phase feedback loops are operated during each RF segment. An extraction synchronization loop is triggered on the extraction RF segment to transfer a single bunch of antiprotons to ELENA. Extensive diagnostics features are available and operational modes such as bunched beam cooling and bunch rotation have been successfully deployed. The LLRF parameters can be different for each RF segment and are controlled by a dedicated application. This paper gives an overview of the AD LLRF beam commissioning results obtained and challenges overcome. Hints on future steps are also provided.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST025
About •	Received ※ 25 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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TUPOST041	Experience with Computer-Aided Optimizations in LINAC4 and PSB at CERN	linac, extraction, cavity, beam-losses	945
	P.K. Skowroński, M.A. Fraser, I. Vojskovic CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Accelerator optimization is routinely performed with the help of computer algorithms that fully automate these tasks. However, their efficiency, speed, and time to implement varies greatly depending on the algorithms used. In LINAC4 some of the automatic optimization routines were programmed using different algorithms to find the most suitable. We present the problems for which the computer algorithms were used and the results of our comparative study.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST041
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
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TUPOPT061	Status and Commissioning of the First X-Band RF Source of the TEX Facility	klystron, GUI, LLRF, controls	1148
	F. Cardelli, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bini, M. Ceccarelli, C. Di Giulio, A. Falone, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, L. Piersanti, L. Sabbatini INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy B. Buonomo, G. Catuscelli, R. Ceccarelli, A. Cecchinelli, R. Clementi, E. Di Pasquale, A. Liedl, D. Moriggi, G. Piermarini, S. Pioli, S. Quaglia, L.A. Rossi, M. Scampati, G. Scarselletta, S. Strabioli, S. Tocci, R. Zarlenga LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
	In 2021 started the commissioning of the TEX (Test stand for X-band) facility at the Frascati National laboratories of INFN. This facility has been founded in the framework of the LATINO (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) project. The current facility layout includes an high power X-band (11.994 GHz) RF source, realized in collaboration with CERN, which will be used for validation and development of the X-band RF high gradient technology in view of the EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project. The RF source is based on a CPI VKX8311 Klystron and a solid state ScandiNova k400 modulator to generate a maximum RF output power of 50 MW at 50 Hz, that will be mainly used for accelerating structure conditioning and waveguide components testing. In this paper the layout, the installation, commissioning and stability measurements of this source are described in detail. The test stand will be soon operative and ready to test the first X-band accelerating structure prototype.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT061
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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TUPOTK033	First RF Measurements of Planar SRF Thin Films with a High Throughput Test Facility at Daresbury Laboratory	cavity, SRF, site, pick-up	1283
	D.J. Seal, G. Burt, P. Goudket, O.B. Malyshev, B.S. Sian, R. Valizadeh Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G. Burt, D.J. Seal, B.S. Sian Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom P. Goudket, O.B. Malyshev, R. Valizadeh STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom P. Goudket ESS, Lund, Sweden H.S. Marks Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
	The research on superconducting thin films for future radio frequency (RF) cavities requires measuring the RF properties of these films. However, coating and testing thin films on full-sized cavities is both challenging and timeconsuming. As a result, films are typically deposited on small, flat samples and characterised using a test cavity. At Daresbury Laboratory, a facility for testing 10 cm diameter samples has recently been commissioned. The cavity uses RF chokes to allow physical and thermal separation between itself and the sample under test. The facility allows for surface resistance measurements at a resonant frequency of 7.8 GHz, at temperatures down to 4 K, maximum RF power of 1 W and peak magnetic fields of a few mT. The main advantage of this system is the simple sample mounting procedure due to no physical welding between the sample and test cavity. This allows for a fast turnaround time of two to three days between samples. As such, this system can be used to quickly identify which samples are performing well under RF and should require further testing at higher gradient. Details of recent upgrades to this facility, together with measurements of both bulk niobium and thin film samples, will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK033
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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TUPOTK044	Preliminary Results of a Magnetic and Temperature Map System for 3 GHz Superconducting Radio Frequency Cavities	cavity, SRF, radio-frequency, niobium	1315
	I.P. Parajuli, G. Ciovati, J.R. Delayen, A.V. Gurevich, B.D. Khanal ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA G. Ciovati, J.R. Delayen JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by NSF Grant 100614-010. Jlab work is supported by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities are fundamental building blocks of modern particle accelerators. A surface resistance in the tens of nanoOhm range is achieved when cooling these cavities to liquid helium temperature, ~2 - 4 K. One of the leading sources of residual losses in SRF cavities is trapped magnetic flux. Flux trapping mechanism depends on different surface preparations and cool-down conditions. We have designed, developed and commissioned a combined magnetic and temperature mapping system using anisotropic magneto-resistance sensors and carbon resistors, respectively, to study the flux trap mechanism in 3 GHz single-cell niobium cavities. In this contribution, we will describe the experimental apparatus and present preliminary test results.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK044
About •	Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022
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TUPOTK045	Magnetic Field Mapping of 1.3 GHz Superconducting Radio Frequency Niobium Cavities	cavity, SRF, niobium, radio-frequency	1319
	I.P. Parajuli, G. Ciovati, J.R. Delayen, A.V. Gurevich ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA G. Ciovati, J.R. Delayen JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by NSF Grant 100614-010. Jlab work is supported by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. Niobium is the material of choice to build superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, which are fundamental building blocks of modern particle accelerators. These cavities require a cryogenic cool-down to ~2 - 4 K for optimum performance minimizing RF losses on the inner cavity surface. However, temperature-independent residual losses in SRF cavities cannot be prevented entirely. One of the significant contributor to residual losses is trapped magnetic flux. The flux trapping mechanism depends on different factors, such as surface preparations and cool-down conditions. We have developed a diagnostic magnetic field scanning system (MFSS) using Hall probes and anisotropic magneto-resistance sensors to study the spatial distribution of trapped flux in 1.3 GHz single-cell cavities. The first result from this newly commissioned system revealed that the trapped flux on the cavity surface might redistribute with increasing RF power. The MFSS was also able to capture significant magnetic field enhancement at specific cavity locations after a quench.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK045
About •	Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 20 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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TUPOTK055	One Year of Operation of the New Wideband RF System of the Proton Synchrotron Booster	operation, network, cavity, controls	1344
	G.G. Gnemmi, S. Energico, M. Haase, M.M. Paoluzzi, C. Rossi CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Within the LHC Injectors Upgrade project, the PS Booster(PSB) has been upgraded. Both the injection (160 MeV) and extraction (2 GeV) energies have been increased, bringing also changes in the injection beam revolution frequency, the maximum revolution frequency, and the beam intensity. To meet the requirements of the High Luminosity LHC a new RF system has been designed, based on the wideband frequency characteristics of Finemet® Magnetic Alloy and solid-state amplifiers. The wideband frequency response (1 MHz to 18 MHz) covers all the required frequency schemes in the PSB, allowing multi-harmonics operation. The system is based on a cellular configuration in which each cell provides a fraction of the total RF voltage. The new RF system has been installed in 3 locations replacing the old systems. The installation has been performed during 2019/2020, while the commissioning started later in 2020 and relevant results for the physics have been already observed. This paper describes the new RF chain, the results achieved and the issues that occurred during this year of operation, together with the changes made to the system to improve performance and reliability.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK055
About •	Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOMS002	Status of Sirius Operation	storage-ring, cavity, operation, emittance	1385
	L. Liu, M.B. Alves, A.C.S. Oliveira, X.R. Resende, R.M. Seraphim, H. Westfahl Jr., F.H. de Sá LNLS, Campinas, Brazil R.H.A. Farias, S.R. Marques CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
	SIRIUS is a Synchrotron Light Source Facility based on a 3 GeV electron storage ring with 518 m circumfer-ence and 250 pm.rad emittance. The facility was built and is operated by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), located in the CNPEM campus, in Campinas, Brazil. The accelerator commissioning and operation has been split into 2 phases: Phase0, corresponding to the initial accelerator commissioning with 6 beamlines, has been completed, and the project is now in preparation for Phase1, with full accelerator design performance and 14 beamlines in operation. We report on the status of SIRI-US last year operation and ongoing activities towards achieving completion of Phase1.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS002
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022
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TUPOMS018	Error Analysis and Commissioning Simulation for the PETRA-IV Storage Ring	lattice, simulation, optics, storage-ring	1442
	T. Hellert, I.V. Agapov, S.A. Antipov, R. Bartolini, R. Brinkmann, Y.-C. Chae, D. Einfeld, M.A. Jebramcik, J. Keil DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The upgrade of the PETRA-III storage ring into a diffraction limited synchrotron radiation source is nearing the end of its detailed technical design phase. We present a preliminary commissioning simulation for PETRA-IV demonstrating that the final corrected machines meet the performance design goals.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS018
About •	Received ※ 10 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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TUPOMS033	Diamond-II Storage Ring Developments and Performance Studies	lattice, injection, storage-ring, impedance	1491
	I.P.S. Martin, H.C. Chao, R.T. Fielder, H. Ghasem, J. Kallestrup, T. Olsson, B. Singh, S.W. Wang DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	The Diamond-II project includes a replacement of the existing double-bend achromat storage ring with a modified hybrid 6-bend achromat, doubling the number of straight sections and increasing the photon beam brightness by up to two orders of magnitude. The design and performance characterisation of the new storage ring has continued to progress, including a switch to an aperture-sharing injection scheme, freezing the magnet layout, studying the impact of IDs, developing a commissioning procedure and investigating collective effects. In this paper we present an overview of these studies, including final performance estimates. Diamond-II Technical Design Report, Diamond Light Source Ltd.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS033
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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TUPOMS052	Considerations From Deploying, Commissioning, and Maintaining the Control System for LCLS-II Undulators	undulator, controls, EPICS, vacuum	1546
	M.A. Montironi, C.J. Andrews, G. Marcus, H.-D. Nuhn SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 Two new undulator lines have been installed as part of the Linac Coherent Light Source upgrade (LCLSII) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. One undulator line, composed of 21 horizontally polarizing undulator segments, is dedicated to producing Soft X-Rays (SXR). The other line, composed of 32 vertically polarizing undulator segments, is dedicated to producing Hard X-Rays (HXR). The devices were installed, and the control system was deployed in 2019. Commissioning culminated with the achievement of first light from the HXR undulator in the Summer of 2020 and from the SXR undulator in the Fall of 2020. Since then, both undulator lines have been successfully providing x-Rays to user experiments with very limited downtime. In this paper, we first describe the strategies utilized to simplify the deployment, commissioning, and maintenance of the control system. Such strategies include scripts for automated components calibration and monitoring, a modular software structure, and debugging manuals for accelerator operators. Then, we discuss lessons learned which could be applicable to similar projects in the future.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS052
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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WEIYGD1	Achievements and Performance Prospects of the Upgraded LHC Injectors	injection, brightness, proton, kicker	1610
	V. Kain, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, F. Antoniou, T. Argyropoulos, F. Asvesta, B. Balhan, M.J. Barnes, D. Barrientos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, A. Boccardi, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, D.G. Cotte, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, M.A. Fraser, A. Funken, B. Goddard, G. Hagmann, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, M. Jaussi, I. Karpov, T. Koevener, D. Küchler, J.-B. Lallement, A. Lasheen, T.E. Levens, K.S.B. Li, A.M. Lombardi, N. Madysa, E. Mahner, M. Meddahi, L. Mether, B. Mikulec, J.C. Molendijk, E. Montesinos, D. Nisbet, F.-X. Nuiry, G. Papotti, K. Paraschou, F. Pedrosa, T. Prebibaj, S. Prodon, D. Quartullo, E. Renner, F. Roncarolo, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, P.K. Skowroński, A. Spierer, F. Tecker, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner, C. Zannini CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	To provide HL-LHC performance, the CERN LHC injector chain underwent a major upgrade during an almost 2-year-long shutdown. In the first half of 2021 the injectors were gradually re-started with the aim to reach at least pre-shutdown parameters for LHC as well as for fixed target beams. The strategy of the commissioning across the complex, a summary of the many challenges and finally the achievements will be presented. Several lessons were learned and have been integrated to define the strategy for the performance ramp-up over the coming years. Remaining limitations and prospects for LHC beam parameters at the exit of the LHC injector chain in the years to come will be discussed. Finally, the emerging need for improved operability of the CERN complex will be addressed, with a description of the first efforts to meet the availability and flexibility requirements of the HL-LHC era while at the same time maximizing fixed target physics output.
	Slides WEIYGD1 [5.905 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIYGD1
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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WEINGD1	Industry and Accelerator Science, Technology, and Engineering - the Need to Integrate (Building Bridges)	electron, laser, radiation, network	1644
	R. Geometrante KYMA, Trieste, Italy S. Biedron Element Aero, Chicago, USA E. Braidotti CAEN ELS srl, Trieste, Italy J.M.A. Priem VDL ETG, Eindhoven, The Netherlands J.C. Rugsancharoenphol FTI, Bangkok, Thailand S.L. Sheehy The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia M. Vretenar CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Abstract
	Slides WEINGD1 [36.079 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEINGD1
About •	Received ※ 05 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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WEPOST008	Optics Correction Strategy for Run 3 of the LHC	optics, coupling, injection, quadrupole	1687
	T.H.B. Persson, F.S. Carlier, A. Costa Ojeda, J. Dilly, V. Ferrentino, E. Fol, H. García Morales, M. Hofer, E.J. Høydalsvik, J. Keintzel, M. Le Garrec, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, F. Soubelet, R. Tomás García, A. Wegscheider, L. van Riesen-Haupt CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland J.F. Cardona UNAL, Bogota D.C, Colombia
	After almost 4 years of shutdown the LHC is again operational in 2022. Experience from the previous Long Shutdown (LS) has shown that the local errors around the triplet magnets changed significantly and it is likely we will again see different errors in 2022. In the LHC there is an interplay between the linear and the nonlinear correction which can make the corrections difficult and time-consuming to find. In this article, we describe the measurements and corrections performed during the commissioning in 2022 in order to control both the linear and the nonlinear optics to high precision.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST008
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 25 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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WEPOST025	A High Power Prototype of a Harmonic Kicker Cavity	kicker, cavity, operation, electron	1749
	G.-T. Park, G.A. Grose, J. Guo, A. OBrien, R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang, R.S. Williams JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA S.A. Overstreet ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
	A harmonic kicker, a beam exchange device that can deflect the beam at an ultra-fast time scale (a few ns), has been developed in Jefferson Lab , . The high power prototype that can deliver more than a 100 kV kick at 7 kW was fabricated. The RF performance of cavity such as the harmonic resonant frequencies, kick profiles, it’s stability, and electric center is tested at bench. The cavity will eventually be tested with a beam at Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) in Jefferson Lab. In this paper, we report some features of fabrication and bench test results. We also briefly describe our beam test plan in the future. G.Park, H.Wang, R.A.Rimmer, S. Wang, and J.Guo, THP092, Proceedings of IPAC2018, Vancouver, Canada (2018). ** G.Park, et al, WEPRBO99, Proceedings of IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia (2019).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST025
About •	Received ※ 11 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
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WEPOPT007	First Interaction Region Local Coupling Corrections in the LHC Run 3	coupling, optics, quadrupole, experiment	1838
	F. Soubelet, T.H.B. Persson, R. Tomás García CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland Ö. Apsimon, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: This research is supported by the LIV. DAT Center for Doctoral Training, STFC and the European Organization for Nuclear Research The successful operation of large scale particle accelerators depends on the precise correction of unavoidable magnetic field or magnet alignment errors present in the machine. During the LHC Run 2, local linear coupling in the interaction regions (IR) was shown to have a significant impact on the beam size, making its proper handling a necessity for Run 3 and the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). A new approach to accurately minimise the local IR linear coupling based on correlated external variables such as the \|C-\| had been proposed, which relies on the application of a rigid waist shift in order to create an asymmetry in the IR optics. In this contribution, preliminary corrections from the 2021 beam test and the early 2022 commissioning are presented, as well as first results of the new method’s experimental configuration tests in the LHC Run 3 commissioning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT007
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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WEPOPT021	A Discharge Plasma Source Development Platform for Accelerators: The ADVANCE Lab at DESY	plasma, diagnostics, laser, GUI	1886
	J.M. Garland, R.T.P. D’Arcy, M. Dinter, S. Karstensen, S. Kottler, G. Loisch, K. Ludwig, J. Osterhoff, A. Rahali, A. Schleiermacher, S. Wesch DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Novel plasma-based accelerators, as well as advanced, high-gradient beam-manipulation techniques’for example passive or active plasma lenses’require reliable and well-characterized plasma sources, each optimized for their individual task. A very efficient and proven way of producing plasmas for these applications is by directly discharging an electrical current through a confined gas volume. To host the development of such discharge-based plasma sources for advanced accelerators, the ATHENA Discharge deVelopment ANd Characterization Experiment (ADVANCE) laboratory has been established at DESY. In this contribution we introduce the laboratory, give a summary of available infrastructure and diagnostics, as well as a brief overview of current and planned scientific goals.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT021
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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WEPOPT060	Controlling Landau Damping via Feed-Down From High-Order Correctors in the LHC and HL-LHC	optics, target, simulation, controls	1995
	J. Dilly, E.H. Maclean, R. Tomás García CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Funding: This work has been supported by the HiLumi Project and been sponsored by the Wolfgang Gentner Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Re-search. Amplitude detuning measurements in the LHC have shown that a significant amount of detuning is generated in Beam 1 via feed-down from decapole and dodecapole field errors in the triplets of the experiment insertion regions, while in Beam 2 this detuning is negligible. In this study, we investigate the cause of this behavior and we attempt to find corrections that use the feed-down from the nonlinear correctors in the insertion region for amplitude detuning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT060
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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WEPOTK001	Status of the Normal Conducting Linac at the European Spallation Source	DTL, rfq, LEBT, MEBT	2019
	D.C. Plostinar, C. Amstutz, S. Armanet, R.A. Baron, E.C. Bergman, A.K. Bhattacharyya, B.E. Bolling, W. Borg, S. Calic, M. Carroll, J. Cereijo García, J. Christensson, J.D. Christie, H. Danared, C.S. Derrez, E.M. Donegani, S. Ekström, M. Eriksson, M. Eshraqi, J.F. Esteban Müller, K. Falkland, M.J. Ferreira, A. Forsat, S. Gabourin, A.A. Gorzawski, V. Grishin, P.O. Gustavsson, S. Haghtalab, V.A. Harahap, H. Hassanzadegan, W. Hees, J.J. Jamróz, A. Jansson, M. Jensen, B. Jones, M. Kalafatic, I. Kittelmann, H. Kocevar, S. Kövecses de Carvalho, E. Laface, B. Lagoguez, Y. Levinsen, M. Lindroos, A. Lundmark, M. Mansouri, C. Marrelli, C.A. Martins, J.P.S. Martins, S. Micic, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, M. Mohammednezhad, R. Montaño, M. Muñoz, G. Mörk, D.J.P. Nicosia, B. Nilsson, D. Noll, A. Nordt, T. Olsson, L. Page, D. Paulic, S. Pavinato, S. Payandeh Azad, A. Petrushenko, J. Riegert, A. Rizzo, K.E. Rosengren, K. Rosquist, M. Serluca, T.J. Shea, A. Simelio, S. Slettebak, A.G. Sosa, H. Spoelstra, A.M. Svensson, L. Svensson, R. Tarkeshian, L. Tchelidze, C.A. Thomas, E. Trachanas, K. Vestin, R. Zeng, P.L. van Velze, N. Öst ESS, Lund, Sweden L. Antoniazzi, C. Baltador, L. Bellan, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, L. Ferrari, M.G. Giacchini, F. Grespan, M. Montis, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent, D. Scarpa INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy T. Bencivenga, P. Mereu, C. Mingioni, M. Nenni, E. Nicoletti INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy I. Bustinduy, A. Conde, D. Fernández-Cañoto, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, G. Harper, A. Kaftoosian, J. Martin, I. Mazkiaran, J.L. Muñoz, A.R. Páramo, S. Varnasseri, A.Z. Zugazaga ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain A.C. Chauveau, P. Hamel, O. Piquet CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France L. Neri INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The construction of the ESS accelerator is in full swing. Many key components have been delivered from our in-kind partners and installation, testing and commissioning is making remarkable progress. The first machine section to be commissioned with beam is the Normal Conducting Linac (NCL). When completed, a 14 Hz, 2.86 ms proton beam up to 62.5 mA will be transported from the Ion Source, through the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line, the Radiofrequency Quadrupole (RFQ), the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line and the five Drift Tube Linac (DTL) tanks up to 90 MeV where it will be injected in the first superconducting module of the machine. This paper will highlight recent progress across the NCL, present briefly the first commissioning results and discuss the upcoming phases as well as challenges in delivering a machine capable of meeting the requirements for a next generation spallation neutron facility.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK001
About •	Received ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022
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WEPOTK009	Processes and Tools to Manage CERN Programmed Stops Applied to the Second Long Shutdown of the Accelerator Complex	database, proton, operation, synchrotron	2048
	E. Vergara Fernandez, A. Ansel, M. Barberan Marin, M. Bernardini, S. Chemli, J. Coupard, K. Foraz, D. Hay, J.M. Jimenez, D.J. Mcfarlane, F. Pedrosa, M. Pirozzi, J.Ph.G.L. Tock CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The preparation and follow-up of CERN accelerator complex programmed stops require clear processes and methodologies. The LHC and its Injectors were stopped in December 2018, to maintain, consolidate and upgrade the different equipment of the accelerator chain. During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), major projects were implemented such as the LHC Injectors upgrade and the LHC Dipoles Diodes consolidation. The installation of some equipment of the HL-LHC project took also place. This paper presents the application to the LS2 of the processes and tools to managed CERN programmed stops: it covers the preparation, implementation and follow up phases, as well as the KPIs, the tools used to build a coherent schedule and to follow up and report the progress. The description of the methodology to create a linear schedule, as well the construction of automatised broken lines and progress curves are detailed. It also describes the organizational set-up for the coordination of the works, the main activities and the key milestones. The impact of the COVID-19 on the long shutdown will be described, especially the strategy implemented to minimise its consequences.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK009
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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WEPOTK012	Commissioning the New LLRF System of the CERN PS Booster	cavity, operation, injection, LLRF	2060
	S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, D. Barrientos, A. Findlay, M. Jaussi, J.C. Molendijk CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The PS Booster (PSB) is the first synchrotron in the injection chain for protons. The beams produced for the LHC and various fixed target experiments cover a very large parameter space. Over the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), the PSB was heavily upgraded as part of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project. The low-level RF systems now drive the new Finemet-loaded cavities, control RF synchronisation for the new injection mechanism, and cope with the increased injection and extraction energies. The Finemet cavities provide exceptional flexibility, allowing an arbitrary distribution of voltage at different revolution frequency harmonics, but at the cost of significant broadband impedance. The new injection mechanism allows bunch-to-bucket multi-turn injection, which significantly reduces the amount of beam loss at the start of the cycle. The longitudinal beam production schema for each beam-type was developed based on simulations during LS2, and then adapted during the setting-up phase to suit the final operational configuration. This paper discusses the commissioning of the new LLRF, and the consequences of the LIU upgrades on the production of various beams.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK012
About •	Received ※ 25 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022
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THOXGD1	ELENA - From Commissioning to Operation	proton, antiproton, experiment, operation	2391
	L. Ponce, L. Bojtár, C. Carli, B. Dupuy, Y. Dutheil, P. Freyermuth, D. Gamba, L.V. Jørgensen, B. Lefort, S. Pasinelli CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	In 2021 the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA) moved from commissioning into the physics production phase providing 100 keV antiprotons to the newly connected experiments paving the way to an improved trapping efficiency by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the AD era. After recalling the major work undertaken during the CERN Long Shutdown 2 (2019-2020) in the antiproton deceleration complex, details will be given on the ELENA ring and the new electrostatic transfer line beam commissioning using an ion source. Sub-sequentially, the progress from commissioning with ions to operation with antiprotons will be described with emphasis on the achieved beam performance. Finally, the impact on the performance of the main hardware systems will be reviewed.
	Slides THOXGD1 [9.720 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOXGD1
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
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THOXGD3	Commissioning Status of the RAON Superconducting Accelerator	cryomodule, linac, quadrupole, rfq	2399
	H.J. Kim, Y.J. Choi, Y.S. Chung, J. Heo, I.S. Hong, J.-H. Jang, D. Jeon, H. Jin, G.D. Kim, Y.H. Kim, J.W. Kwon, S. Lee, B.-S. Park, M.J. Park, C.W. Son IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea D.M. Kim KUS, Sejong, Republic of Korea E.H. Lim Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, Republic of Korea S.H. Moon UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
	The Rare isotope Accelerator Complex for ON-line experiments (RAON) has been proposed as a multi-purpose accelerator facility for providing beams of exotic rare isotopes of various energies. It can deliver ions from hydrogen (proton) to uranium. Protons and uranium ions are accelerated up to 600 MeV and 200 MeV/u respectively. It can provide various rare isotope beams which are produced by isotope separator on-line system. The RAON injector was successfully commissioned in 2021 to study the initial beam parameters from the main technical systems, such as the ECR ion source and RFQ, and to find the optimized LEBT and MEBT setpoints and matching conditions. In this paper, we present the current commissioning status of the RAON injector in preparation for the upcoming SCL3 beam commissioning.
	Slides THOXGD3 [6.508 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOXGD3
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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THPOST016	Development Progress of HEPS LINAC	linac, emittance, simulation, LLRF	2472
	C. Meng, N. Gan, D.Y. He, X. He, Y. Jiao, J.Y. Li, J.D. Liu, Y.M. Peng, H. Shi, G. Shu, S.C. Wang, O. Xiao, J.R. Zhang, Z.D. Zhang, Z.S. Zhou IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China X.H. Lu, X.J. Nie IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a synchrotron radiation source of ultrahigh brightness and under construction in China. Its accelerator system is comprised of a 6-GeV storage ring, a full energy booster, a 500-MeV Linac and three transfer lines. The Linac is a S-band normal conducting electron linear accelerator with available bunch charge up to 10 nC. The Linac installation has been finished at the end of May this year. The system joint debugging and device conditioning of the accelerating units, the power supplies, et al., are in progress. The beam commissioning will start in September 2022. This paper presents the status of the HEPS Linac and detailed introduction of the beam commissioning simulations and preparations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST016
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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THPOST039	SPS Beam Dump System (SBDS) Commissioning After Relocation and Upgrade	kicker, controls, vacuum, hardware	2530
	P. Van Trappen, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetière, V. Namora, V. Senaj, F.M. Velotti, N. Voumard CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	In order to overcome several machine limitations, the SBDS has been relocated from LSS1 (Long Straight Section 1) to LSS5 during LS2 (Long Shutdown 2) with an important upgrade of the extraction kicker installation. An additional vertical deflection kicker magnet (MKDV) was produced and installed while the high voltage (HV) pulse generators have been upgraded by changing gas-discharge switches (thyratrons and ignitrons) to semiconductor stacks operating in oil. Furthermore the horizontal sweep generators have been upgraded to allow for a lower kick strengths. The controls, previously consolidated during LS1, went through an additional light consolidation phase with among others the upgrade of the trigger & retrigger distribution system and the installation of a new fast-interlocks detection system. This paper describes the commissioning without and with beam and elaborates on the measured improvements and encountered problems with corrective mitigations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST039
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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THPOPT016	Commissioning Simulations for the DIAMOND-II Upgrade	injection, optics, storage-ring, quadrupole	2598
	H.C. Chao, R.T. Fielder, J. Kallestrup, I.P.S. Martin, B. Singh DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	The Diamond-II storage ring, compared to Diamond, improves the natural beam emittance from 2.7 nm to 160 pm and the beam energy from 3 to 3.5 GeV. The number of straight sections is also doubled from 24 to 48 thanks to the modified hybrid six-bend-achromat lattice. To reduce the impact on the existing science program, the dark time period must be minimised. To assist in this aim, storage ring commissioning simulations have been carried out to predict and resolve possible issues. These studies include beam commissioning starting from on-axis first-turn beam threading up to beam based alignment and full linear optics correction with stored beam. The linear optics corrections with insertion devices are also included. The machine characterisations at different stages are compared. Considerations on realistic chamber limitations, error definitions and some commissioning strategies are also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT016
About •	Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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THPOPT039	Performance Report of the SOLEIL Multipole Injection Kicker	injection, kicker, storage-ring, synchrotron	2675
	R. Ollier, P. Alexandre, R. Ben El Fekih, A. Gamelin, N. Hubert, M. Labat, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, M.-A. Tordeux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	A Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) was installed in a short straight section of the SOLEIL storage ring and successfully commissioned in 2021. A small horizontal orbit distortion in the micrometer range was achieved outperforming the standard bump-based injection scheme installed in a 12-m long straight section. Refined studies have been conducted to fully understand and further improve the performance of the device. Indeed, a novel generation of the MIK will be the key element for the injection scheme of the SOLEIL Upgrade. We report simulation studies and the latest MIK experimental performance. Both injected and stored beam-based measurements were performed using new types of diagnostics with turn-by-turn capability (Libera Brillance⁺ BPM, KALYPSO: 2x1D imaging). The residual perturbations on the beam positions and sizes were measured; the magnetic field of the MIK device was reconstructed. An unexpected kick was detected in the vertical plane and an active correction implemented to cancel the resulting perturbation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT039
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
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THPOPT044	The Alkali-Metal Photocathode Preparation Facility at Daresbury Laboratory: First Caesium Telluride Deposition Results	cathode, electron, emittance, FEL	2693
	H.M. Churn, C. Benjamin, L.B. Jones, T.C.Q. Noakes STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom C. Benjamin University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom H.M. Churn, L.B. Jones, T.C.Q. Noakes Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Fourth generation light sources require high brightness electron beams. To achieve this a photocathode with a high quantum efficiency and low intrinsic emittance is required, which is also robust with a long operational lifetime and low dark current. Alkali-metal photocathodes have the potential to fulfil these requirements, so are an important research area for the accelerator physics community. STFC Daresbury Laboratory are currently commissioning the Alkali-metal Photocathode Preparation Facility (APPF) which will be used to grow alkali photocathodes. Photocathodes produced by the APPF will be analysed using Daresbury Laboratory’s existing Multiprobe system* and the Transverse Energy Spread Spectrometer (TESS). Multiprobe can perform a variety of surface analysis techniques while the TESS can measure the Mean Transverse Energy of a photocathode from its Transverse Energy Distribution Curve over a large range of illumination wavelengths. We present an overview on our current progress in the commissioning and testing of the APPF, the results from the first Cs-Te deposition and detail the work planned to facilitate the manufacture of Cs₂Te photocathodes for the CLARA accelerator. B.L. Militsyn, 4th EuCARD2 WP12.5 meeting, Warsaw, 14-15 Mar. 2017 L. Jones et al., Proc. FEL ’13, TUPPS033, 290-293 *D. Angal-Kalinin et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams, Vol. 23, Iss. 4, 2020
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT044
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022
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THPOPT060	Tolerance Study on the Geometrical Errors for a Planar Superconducting Undulator	undulator, FEL, simulation, FEM	2734
	V. Grattoni, S. Casalbuoni, B. Marchetti EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
	At the European XFEL, a superconducting afterburner is considered for the SASE2 hard X-ray beamline. It will consist of six undulator modules. Within each module, two superconducting undulators (SCU) 2 m long are present. Such an afterburner will enable photon energies above 30 keV. A high field quality of the SCU is crucial to guarantee the quality of the electron beam trajectory, which is directly related to the spectral quality of the emitted free-electron laser (FEL) radiation. Therefore, the effects of the SCU’s mechanical imperfections on the resultant magnetic field have to be carefully characterized. In this contribution, we present possible mechanical errors affecting the undulator structure, and we perform an analytical study aimed at determining the tolerances on these errors for our SCUs.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT060
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022
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THPOTK020	Recent Experience from the Large-Scale Deployment of Power Converters with Magnet Energy Recovery	operation, controls, quadrupole, experiment	2809
	K.D. Papastergiou, G. Le Godec, V. Montabonnet CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	A new powering solution was deployed at CERN for transfer lines in the injector complex as part of the LHC injectors upgrade. The new powering uses regenerative power converters to recycle the magnet energy between physics operations. This work gives an overview of the developed technology, the way it is used in the accelerators complex and some results of first period of operation with beam.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK020
About •	Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 25 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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THPOTK034	Vacuum System Performance of the 3 GeV Electron Storage Ring at MAX IV Laboratory	vacuum, storage-ring, operation, injection	2836
	M.J. Grabski, E. Al-Dmour, S.M. Scolari MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	The 3 GeV electron storage ring at MAX IV laboratory is the first synchrotron light source with compact multi-bend achromat (MBA) magnet lattice to achieve ultra-low emittance. The vacuum system of the accelerator is fully coated with non-evaporable getter (NEG) thin film to ensure low gas density. The storage ring started commissioning in August 2015 and currently delivers photon beams from insertion devices (IDs) to 9 beamlines that are in user operation or commissioning. After over 6 years of operation, the NEG coated vacuum system continues to be reliable, is conditioning well and do not pose any limitation to the accelerator operation. The average dynamic pressure is lower than the design value (below 3·10^-10 mbar) and is reducing with the accumulated beam dose. The vacuum beam lifetime is greater than 39 Ah, and the total beam lifetime is above the design value of 5 Ah - thus is not limited by the residual gas density. Several successful interventions to install new vacuum components were performed on few achromats in the storage ring during shutdowns. Some of them were done utilizing purified neon gas to vent the vacuum system, thus avoiding the need of re-activation of the NEG coating and saving intervention time without compromising the storage ring performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK034
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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THPOTK058	CERN’s East Experimental Area: A New Modern Physics Facility	experiment, target, operation, secondary-beams	2911
	S. Evrard, D. Banerjee, J. Bernhard, F. Carvalho, S. Danzeca, M. Lazzaroni, B. Rae, G. Romagnoli CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	CERN’s East Area has hosted a variety of fixed-target experiments since the 1950s, using four beamlines from the Proton Synchrotron (PS). Over the past 4 years, the experimental area - CERN’s second largest - has undergone a complete makeover. New instrumentation and beamline configuration have improved the precision of data collection, and new magnets and power convertors have drastically reduced the area’s energy consumption. This article will summarize the major challenges encountered for the design of the renovated beamlines and for the preparation and test of the components. The infrastructure was carefully fitted resulting in a very smooth beam commissioning, the details of which will also be presented along with the restart of physics in the second half of 2021. With the return of the beams in the accelerator complex, the East Area’s experiments have taken physics measurements again and the facility’s central role in the modern physics landscape has been restored.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK058
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
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THPOTK059	Laser System for SuperKEKB RF Gun in Phase III Commissioning	laser, electron, injection, gun	2914
	R. Zhang, M. Yoshida, X. Zhou KEK, Ibaraki, Japan H.K. Kumano, N. Toyotomi Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
	In order to generate high quality electron beam with high charge in Phase III commissioning of SuperKEKB, some improvements have been done in Ytterbium doped fiber and Neodymium doped YAG (Nd:YAG) hybrid laser system. Spatial reshaping part for the 4th harmonic laser beam at 266 nm has been adopted to realize low emittance electron beam. In addition, for achieving continuous and stable laser operation, position feedback system has also been used to improve the pointing stability of laser beam. In 2021 commissioning of SuperKEKB, stable 2 nC electron beam is generated for high energy ring (HER) injection. Meanwhile, we achieved the best emittance results at B-sector of linac injector and BT line for comparable low injection background and higher injection efficiency. With the aim of generating higher charge electron beam with good quality in the following commissioning, a perspective towards the next step update for current laser system is also introduced.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK059
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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THPOMS002	Gantry Beamline and Rotator Commissioning at the Medaustron Ion Therapy Center	proton, optics, quadrupole, radiation	2933
	M.T.F. Pivi, L. Adler, G. Guidoboni, G. Kowarik, C. Kurfürst, C. Maderböck, D.A. Prokopovich, I. Strašík EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria G. Kowarik GKMT Consulting, Consulting and Project Management, Vienna, Austria M. Pavlovič STU, Bratislava, Slovak Republic M.G. Pullia CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy V. Rizzoglio PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The MedAustron Particle Therapy Accelerator located in Austria, delivers proton beams in the energy range 60-250 MeV/n and carbon ions 120-400 MeV/n for medical treatment in two irradiation rooms, clinically used for tumor therapy. Proton beams up to 800 MeV/n are also provided to a room dedicated to scientific research. Over the last two years, in parallel to clinical operations, we have completed the installation and commissioning of the gantry beam line in a dedicated room, ready for the first patient treatment in early 2022. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the MedAustron gantry beam commissioning including the world-wide first ’rotator’ system, a rotating beamline located upstream of the gantry and used to match the slowly extracted non-symmetric beams into the coordinate system of the gantry. Using the rotator, all beam parameters at the location of the patient become independent of the gantry rotation angle. Furthermore, both the gantry and the high energy transfer line optics had to be redesigned and adapted to the rotator-mode of operation. A review of the beam commissioning including technical solutions, main results and reference measurements is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS002
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPOST006

Beam Commissioning and Optimisation in the CERN Proton Synchrotron After the Upgrade of the LHC Injectors

vacuum, proton, operation, synchrotron

54

A. Huschauer, M.R. Coly, D.G. Cotte, H. Damerau, M. Delrieux, J.-C. Dumont, Y. Dutheil, S.E.R. Easton, M.A. Fraser, O. Hans, G.I. Imesch, S. Joly, A. Lasheen, C.L. Lombard, R. Maillet, B. Mikulec, J.-M. Nonglaton, S. Sainz Perez, B. Salvant, R. Suykerbuyk, F. Tecker, R. Valera Teruel
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The CERN LHC injector chain underwent a major upgrade during the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) in the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project. After 2 years of installation work, the Proton Synchrotron (PS) was restarted in 2021 with the goal to achieve pre-LS2 beam quality by the end of 2021. This contribution details the main beam commissioning milestones, encountered difficulties and lessons learned. The status of the fixed-target and LHC beams will be given and improvements in terms of performance, controls and tools described.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST006

About •

Received ※ 01 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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MOPOST007

Summary of the First Fully Operational Run of LINAC4 at CERN

linac, operation, cavity, injection

58

P.K. Skowroński, G. Bellodi, B. Bielawski, R.B. Borner, G.P. Di Giovanni, E. Gousiou, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi, B. Mikulec, J. Parra-Lopez, F. Roncarolo, J.L. Sanchez Alvarez, R. Scrivens, L. Timeo, R. Wegner
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

In December 2020 the newly commissioned LINAC4 started delivering beam for the CERN proton accelerator chain, replacing the old LINAC2. LINAC4 is a 352 MHz normal conducting linac, providing a beam of negative hydrogen ions at 160 MeV that are converted into protons at injection into the PS Booster synchrotron. In this paper we report on the achieved beam performance, availability, reproducibility and other operational aspects of LINAC4 during its first fully operational year. We also present the machine developments performed and the plans for future improvements.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST007

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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MOPOST010

Deuteron Beam Power Ramp-Up at SPIRAL2

linac, MEBT, cavity, LEBT

70

A.K. Orduz, M. Di Giacomo, R. Ferdinand, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand
GANIL, Caen, France
D.U. Uriot
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

The SPIRAL2 linac commissioning started on 8 July 2019 after obtaining the authorisation to operate by the French Safety Authority. The tuning of the two Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT), Superconducting (SC) linac and High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) was done with H⁺, 4He2+ and D⁺ beams during three periods of six months each in 2019, 2020 and 2021. The results obtained in 2021 with a D⁺ beam are presented. The strategy for the tuning of the MEBT, including three rebunchers, is described. The comparison between the beam parameter measurements and reference simulations are also presented. The main results of the power ramp-up to 10 kW in the linac with a 5 mA D⁺ beam are next reported. Finally, the extrapolation from the nominal power (200 kW) to the obtained results is analysed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST010

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 18 June 2022

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MOPOST021

ReAccelerator Upgrade, Commissioning and First Experiments at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) / Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB)

cryomodule, experiment, linac, ion-source

101

A.C.C. Villari, G. Bollen, K.D. Davidson, K. Fukushima, A.I. Henriques, K. Holland, S.H. Kim, A. Lapierre, T. Maruta, D.G. Morris, S. Nash, P.N. Ostroumov, A.S. Plastun, J. Priller, B.M. Sherrill, R. Walker, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
B. Arend, D.B. Crisp, D.J. Morrissey, M. Steiner
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the NSF under grant PHY15-65546 and DOE-SC under award number DE-SC0000661
The reaccelerator ReA is a state-of-the-art super-conducting linac for reaccelerating rare isotope beams produced via inflight fragmentation or fission and subse-quent beam stopping. ReA was subject of an upgrade that increased its final beam energy from 3 MeV/u to 6 MeV/u for ions with charge over mass equal to 1/4. The upgrade included a new room-temperature rebuncher after the first section of acceleration, a new β = 0.085 QWR cryomodule and two new beamlines in a new ex-perimental vault. During commissioning, beams were accelerated with near 100 percent transport efficiency through the linac and delivered through beam transport lines. Measured beam characteristics match those calcu-lated. Following commissioning, stable and long living rare isotope beams from a Batch Mode Ion Source (BMIS) were accelerated and delivered to experiments. This con-tribution will briefly describe the upgrade, and results from beam commissioning and beam delivery for experi-ments.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST021

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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MOPOST022

Upgrade of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole of the ReAccelerator at NSCL/FRIB

rfq, operation, vacuum, RF-structure

104

A.S. Plastun, J. Brandon, A.I. Henriques, S.H. Kim, D.G. Morris, S. Nash, P.N. Ostroumov, A.C.C. Villari, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
D.B. Crisp, D.P. Sanderson
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant PHY15-65546
The ReA-RFQ is a four-rod room-temperature structure aimed to be the first step acceleration of rare isotopes as well as stable beams before injection into the ReA SRF linac. The beams of charge to mass ratios of 1/5 to 1/2 from the Electron Beam Ion Trap at 12 keV/u should be accelerated to at least 500 keV/u to be efficiently accelerated in the main SRF linac. Since the commissioning of the original ReA RFQ in 2010 the design voltage has never been reached, and CW operation was never achieved due to cooling issues. In 2016 a new design including trapezoidal modulation was proposed, which permitted achieving increased reliability, and would allow reaching the original required specifications. The proposed new rods were built and installed in 2019 and commissioned in the same year. Since then, the RFQ has been working very successfully. Recently it was opened for inspection and verification of its internal status. No damage and discoloration were observed. This contribution will describe the RFQ rebuild process, involving specific RF protections and other technical aspects related to the assembly of the structure. Results of the operation with a variety of beams will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST022

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 July 2022

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MOPOST035

Operational Experience and Performance of the REX/HIE-ISOLDE Linac

ISOL, linac, experiment, operation

140

J.A. Rodriguez, N. Bidault, E. Fadakis, P. Fernier, M.L. Lozano, S. Mataguez, E. Piselli, E. Siesling
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Located at CERN, ISOLDE is one of the world’s lead-ing research facilities in the field of nuclear science. Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) are produced when 1.4 GeV protons transferred from the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) to the facility impinge on one of the two available targets. The RIB of interest is extracted, mass-separated and transported to one of the experimental stations, either directly, or after being accelerated in the REX/HIE-ISOLDE post-accelerator. In addition to a Penning trap (REXTRAP) to accumulate and transversely cool the beam and a charge breeder (REXEBIS) to boost the charge state of the ions, the post-accelerator includes a linac with both room temperature (REX linac) and superconducting (HIE-ISOLDE linac) sections followed by three HEBT lines to deliver the beam to the different experimental stations. The latest upgrades of the facility as well as a comprehensive list of the RIBs delivered to the users of the facility and the operational experience gained during the last physics campaigns will be presented in this contribution.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOST035

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

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MOPOPT006

Characterization of the Electron Beam Visualization Stations of the ThomX Accelerator

HOM, target, diagnostics, controls

240

A. Moutardier, C. Bruni, J-N. Cayla, I. Chaikovska, S. Chancé, N. Delerue, H. Guler, H. Monard, M. Omeich, S.D. Williams
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
S.D. Williams
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Funding: Research Agency under the Equipex convention ANR-10-EQPX-0051.
We present an overview of the diagnostics screens stations - named SSTs - of the ThomX compact Compton source. ThomX is a compact light source based on Compton backscattering. It features a linac and a storage ring in which the electrons have an energy of 50 MeV. Each SST is composed of three screens, a YAG:Ce screen and an Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) screen for transverse measurements and a calibration target for magnification and resolution characterisation. The optical system is based on commercial lenses that have been reverse-engineered. An Arduino is used to control both the aperture and the focus remotely, while the magnification must be modified using an external motor. We report on the overall performance of the station as measured during the first steps of beam commissioning and on the optical system remote operations.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT006

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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MOPOPT040

Summary of the Post-Long Shutdown 2 LHC Hardware Commissioning Campaign

dipole, operation, target, hardware

335

A. Apollonio, O.O. Andreassen, A. Antoine, T. Argyropoulos, M.C. Bastos, M. Bednarek, B. Bordini, K. Brodzinski, A. Calia, Z. Charifoulline, G.-J. Coelingh, G. D’Angelo, D. Delikaris, R. Denz, L. Fiscarelli, V. Froidbise, M.A. Galilée, J.C. Garnier, R. Gorbonosov, P. Hagen, M. Hostettler, D. Jacquet, S. Le Naour, D. Mirarchi, V. Montabonnet, B.I. Panev, T.H.B. Persson, T. Podzorny, M. Pojer, E. Ravaioli, F. Rodriguez-Mateos, A.P. Siemko, M. Solfaroli, J. Spasic, A. Stanisz, J. Steckert, R. Steerenberg, S. Sudak, H. Thiesen, E. Todesco, G. Trad, J.A. Uythoven, S. Uznanski, A.P. Verweij, J. Wenninger, G.P. Willering, D. Wollmann, S. Yammine
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
V. Vizziello
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy

In this contribution we provide a summary of the LHC hardware commissioning campaign following the second CERN Long Shutdown (LS2), initially targeting the nominal LHC energy of 7 TeV. A summary of the test procedures and tools used for testing the LHC superconducting circuits is given, together with statistics on the successful test execution. The paper then focuses on the experience and observations during the main dipole training campaign, describing the encountered problems, the related analysis and mitigation measures, ultimately leading to the decision to reduce the energy target to 6.8 TeV. The re-commissioning of two powering sectors, following the identified problems, is discussed in detail. The paper concludes with an outlook to the future hardware commissioning campaigns, discussing the lessons learnt and possible strategies moving forward.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT040

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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MOPOPT047

Experimental Demonstration of Machine Learning Application in LHC Optics Commissioning

optics, quadrupole, simulation, diagnostics

359

E. Fol, F.S. Carlier, J. Dilly, M. Hofer, J. Keintzel, M. Le Garrec, E.H. Maclean, T.H.B. Persson, F. Soubelet, R. Tomás García, A. Wegscheider
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
J.F. Cardona
UNAL, Bogota D.C, Colombia

Recently, we conducted successful studies on the suitability of machine learning (ML) methods for optics measurements and corrections, incorporating novel ML-based methods for local optics corrections and reconstruction of optics functions. After performing extensive verifications on simulations and past measurement data, the newly developed techniques became operational in the LHC commissioning 2022. We present the experimental results obtained with the ML-based methods and discuss future improvements. Besides, we also report on improving the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) diagnostics with the help of the anomaly detection technique capable to identify malfunctioning BPMs along with their possible fault causes.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT047

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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MOPOPT056

Commissioning of a Gas Jet Beam Profile Monitor for EBTS and LHC

electron, photon, simulation, vacuum

393

H.D. Zhang, N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, O. Sedláček, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M. Ady, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, I. Papazoglou, A. Rossi, G. Schneider, O. Sedláček, K. Sidorowski, R. Veness
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
P. Forck, S. Udrea
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, O. Sedláček, O. Stringer, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: This work is supported by the HL-LHC-UK II project funded by STFC and CERN and the STFC Cockcroft core grant No. ST/G008248/1.
A gas jet beam profile monitor was designed for measuring the electron beam at the electron beam test stand (EBTS) for the Hollow electron lens (HEL) and the proton beam in the large hadron collider (LHC). It is partially installed in the LHC during the second long shutdown. The current monitor is tailored to the accelerator environment including vacuum, geometry, and magnetic field for both the EBTS and the LHC. It features a compact design, a higher gas jet density, and a wider curtain size for a better integration time and a larger detecting range. In this contribution, the commissioning of this monitor at the Cockcroft Institute will be discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT056

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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MOPOTK004

Status of the Soleil Upgrade Lattice Robustness Studies

lattice, injection, simulation, optics

433

O.R. Blanco-García
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
D. Amorim, A. Loulergue, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
M.A. Deniaud
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom

The SOLEIL synchrotron has entered its Technical Design Report (TDR) phase for the upgrade of its storage ring to a fourth generation synchrotron light source. Verification of the equipment specifications (alignment, magnets, power supplies, BPMs), and the methodology for optics corrections are critical in order to ensure the feasibility of rapid commissioning restoring full performance for daily operations. The end-to-end simulation, from beam threading in the first turns to beam storage and stacking, should be handled with a comprehensive model close to the actual commissioning procedure, taking into account all practical steps. During 2021 and 2022, the CDR lattice has undergone significant modifications in response to additional constraints. In this paper, we present an update of the robustness studies for the TDR baseline lattice.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK004

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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MOPOMS014

Commissioning of a High-Gradient X-Band RF Gun Powered by Short RF Pulses from a Wakefield Accelerator

gun, electron, laser, cathode

652

W.H. Tan, X. Lu, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
S.P. Antipov, C.-J. Jing, E.W. Knight, S.V. Kuzikov
Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA
D.S. Doran, G. Ha, C.-J. Jing, W. Liu, X. Lu, P. Piot, P. Piot, J.G. Power, J. Shao, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. DOE, under award No. DE-SC0018656 to NIU, DOE SBIR grant No DE-SC0018709 at Euclid Techlabs LLC, and contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 with ANL.
A high-gradient X-band (11.7-GHz) photoinjector developed by Euclid Techlabs, was recently commissioned at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA). The system comprises a 1+1/2-cell RF gun powered by short RF pulses generated as a train of high-charge bunches from the AWA accelerator passes through a slow-wave power extraction and transfer structure. The RF photoinjector was reliably operating with electric fields in excess of 300 MV/m on the photocathode surface free of breakdown and with an insignificant dark-current level. We report on the RF-gun setup, commissioning, and the associated beam generation via photoemission.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS014

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 18 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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MOPOMS048

Fast Trigger System for Beam Abort System in SuperKEKB

hardware, kicker, detector, power-supply

754

H. Ikeda, T. Mimashi, S. Nakamura, T. Oki, S. Sasaki
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

In order to protect the hardware components of the de-tector and accelerator from sudden beam loss of high beam currents, the fast beam abort system is developed in the SuperKEKB. The previous abort system was not fast enough for sudden beam loss that caused QCS quench, and it gave a damage to the collimator and the Belle-II detector. A fast abort system is required to pre-venting such damage. The abort system consists of sev-eral sensors that generate interlock signal (the loss moni-tor, dose in the Bell-II detector, and the magnet failure etc.), optical cable system to transfer the interlock signal to central control room (CCR), the abort trigger signal generation system and the abort kicker. To reduce total time, we reduce transmission time from local control room to CCR by changing signal cable route. Since the interlock signal produced by magnet power supply was slow, we modified the magnet power supply. For more quick generation of abort trigger signal, we increased number of the abort gap. By these improvements, an average abort time is reduced from 31µsec to 25µsec. This improvement looks small, but it brought preventing the serious radiation damage to many hardware compo-nents. Detail of the system and result is presented in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS048

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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TUOXSP1

Origin and Mitigation of the Beam-Induced Surface Modifications of the LHC Beam Screens

electron, radiation, cryogenics, ECR

780

V. Petit, P. Chiggiato, M. Himmerlich, S. Marinoni, H. Neupert, M. Taborelli, L.J. Tavian
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

All over Run 2, the LHC beam-induced heat load on the cryogenic system exhibited a wide scattering along the ring. Studies ascribed the heat source to electron cloud build-up, indicating an unexpected high Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) of the beam screen surface in some LHC regions. The inner copper surface of high and low heat load beam screens, extracted during the Long Shutdown 2, was analysed. On the low heat load ones, the surface was covered with the native Cu2O oxide, while on the high heat load ones CuO dominated at surface, and it exhibited a very low carbon coverage. Such chemical modifications increase the SEY and inhibit a proper conditioning of the affected surfaces. Following this characterisation, the mechanisms for CuO build-up in the LHC beam pipe were investigated on a newly commissioned cryogenic system allowing electron irradiation, surface chemical characterisation by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and SEY measurements on samples held below 15 K. In parallel, curative solutions against the presence of CuO in the LHC beam screens were explored, which could be implemented in-situ to recover a proper conditioning and lower the beam-induced heat load.

Slides TUOXSP1 [2.669 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOXSP1

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Received ※ 17 May 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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TUIYGD3

FRIB Commissioning and Early Operations

linac, target, controls, operation

802

J. Wei, H. Ao, S. Beher, G. Bollen, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, W. Chang, Y. Choi, S. Cogan, C. Compton, M. Cortesi, J.C. Curtin, K.D. Davidson, X.-J. Du, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Facco, A. Fila, K. Fukushima, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, T. Glasmacher, J.-W. Guo, Y. Hao, W. Hartung, N.M. Hasan, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, H.-C. Hseuh, M. Ikegami, D.D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.H. Kim, C. Knowles, P. Knudsen, T. Konomi, B.R. Kortum, T. Lange, M. Larmann, T.L. Larter, K. Laturkar, R.E. Laxdal, J. LeTourneau, Z. Li, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, C. Magsig, P.E. Manwiller, F. Marti, T. Maruta, E.S. Metzgar, S.J. Miller, Y. Momozaki, D.G. Morris, M. Mugerian, I.N. Nesterenko, C. Nguyen, P.N. Ostroumov, M.S. Patil, A.S. Plastun, J.T. Popielarski, L. Popielarski, M. Portillo, J. Priller, X. Rao, M.A. Reaume, H.T. Ren, K. Saito, B.M. Sherrill, A. Stolz, B.P. Tousignant, R. Walker, X. Wang, J.D. Wenstrom, G. West, K. Witgen, M. Wright, T. Xu, T. Xu, Y. Yamazaki, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
B. Arend, T.N. Ginter, E. Kwan, M.K. Smith, M. Steiner, O. Tarasov
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
A. Facco
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
K. Hosoyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M.P. Kelly, Y. Momozaki
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
R.E. Laxdal
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
M. Wiseman
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661.
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) project has completed technical construction in January 2022, five months ahead of schedule baselined about 10 years ago. Beam commissioning has been planned in seven phases starting from 2017 when the normal-conducting ion source and RFQ were commissioned. In April 2021, FRIB driver linac commissioning was completed with heavy ion beams being accelerated to energies above 200 MeV/u using 324 superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) resonators contained in 46 cryomodules. In preparation for high-power operations, a liquid lithium charge strip-per was used to strip uranium beam from average charge state of 33+ to 78+, and multiple charge states were accelerated simultaneously in the linac. By January 2022, FRIB target and fragment separator commissioning was completed with rare-isotope beams produced and identified. In May 2022, the first FRIB user scientific experiment was successfully conducted. This talk summarizes the FRIB accelerator project commissioning and early operations experience with discussions on strategic planning, operational envelope conformance, technical risk mitigation, and lessons learned.

Slides TUIYGD3 [23.483 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUIYGD3

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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TUPOST015

Commissioning and First Results of an X-Band LLRF System for TEX Test Facility at LNF-INFN

LLRF, klystron, GUI, network

876

L. Piersanti, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bini, B. Buonomo, F. Cardelli, C. Di Giulio, E. Di Pasquale, M. Diomede, L. Faillace, A. Falone, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, G. Giannetti, A. Liedl, D. Moriggi, S. Pioli, S. Quaglia, L. Sabbatini, M. Scampati, G. Scarselletta, A. Stella, S. Tocci, L. Zelinotti
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy

Funding: Latino is a project co-funded by Regione Lazio within POR-FESR 2014-2020 program
In the framework of LATINO project (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) funded by Lazio regional government, the commissioning of the TEst stand for X-band (TEX) facility has started in 2021 at Frascati National Laboratories of INFN. Born as a collaboration with CERN to test high gradient accelerating structures, during 2022 TEX aims at feeding the first EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB X-band structure prototype. During 2021 the commissioning has been successfully carried out up to 48 MW. The power unit is driven by an X-band low level RF system, that employs a commercial S-band (2.856 GHz) Libera digital LLRF (manufactured by Instrumentation Technologies), with an up/down conversion stage and a reference generation and distribution system able to produce coherent frequencies for the American S-band and European X-band (11.994 GHz), both designed and realized at LNF. The performance of the system, with a particular focus on amplitude and phase resolution, together with klystron and driver amplifier jitter measurements, will be reviewed in this paper. Moreover, considerations on its suitability and main limitations in view of EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project will be discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST015

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Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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TUPOST025

Beam Commissioning of the New Digital Low-Level RF System for CERN’s AD

LLRF, operation, timing, proton

911

M.E. Angoletta, S.C.P. Albright, D. Barrientos, A. Findlay, M. Jaussi, A. Rey, M. Sumiński
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator (AD) has been re-furbished to provide reliable operation for the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA). In particular, AD was equipped with a new digital Low-Level RF (LLRF) system that was successfully commissioned during the summer 2021. The new AD LLRF system has routinely captured and decelerated more than 3·10⁷ antiprotons from 3.5 GeV/c to 100 MeV/c in successive steps, referred to as RF segments, interleaved by cooling periods. The LLRF system implements the frequency program from Btrain data received over optical fiber. Beam phase/radial and cavity amplitude/phase feedback loops are operated during each RF segment. An extraction synchronization loop is triggered on the extraction RF segment to transfer a single bunch of antiprotons to ELENA. Extensive diagnostics features are available and operational modes such as bunched beam cooling and bunch rotation have been successfully deployed. The LLRF parameters can be different for each RF segment and are controlled by a dedicated application. This paper gives an overview of the AD LLRF beam commissioning results obtained and challenges overcome. Hints on future steps are also provided.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST025

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Received ※ 25 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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TUPOST041

Experience with Computer-Aided Optimizations in LINAC4 and PSB at CERN

linac, extraction, cavity, beam-losses

945

P.K. Skowroński, M.A. Fraser, I. Vojskovic
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Accelerator optimization is routinely performed with the help of computer algorithms that fully automate these tasks. However, their efficiency, speed, and time to implement varies greatly depending on the algorithms used. In LINAC4 some of the automatic optimization routines were programmed using different algorithms to find the most suitable. We present the problems for which the computer algorithms were used and the results of our comparative study.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST041

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

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TUPOPT061

Status and Commissioning of the First X-Band RF Source of the TEX Facility

klystron, GUI, LLRF, controls

1148

F. Cardelli, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bini, M. Ceccarelli, C. Di Giulio, A. Falone, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, L. Piersanti, L. Sabbatini
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
B. Buonomo, G. Catuscelli, R. Ceccarelli, A. Cecchinelli, R. Clementi, E. Di Pasquale, A. Liedl, D. Moriggi, G. Piermarini, S. Pioli, S. Quaglia, L.A. Rossi, M. Scampati, G. Scarselletta, S. Strabioli, S. Tocci, R. Zarlenga
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy

In 2021 started the commissioning of the TEX (Test stand for X-band) facility at the Frascati National laboratories of INFN. This facility has been founded in the framework of the LATINO (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) project. The current facility layout includes an high power X-band (11.994 GHz) RF source, realized in collaboration with CERN, which will be used for validation and development of the X-band RF high gradient technology in view of the EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project. The RF source is based on a CPI VKX8311 Klystron and a solid state ScandiNova k400 modulator to generate a maximum RF output power of 50 MW at 50 Hz, that will be mainly used for accelerating structure conditioning and waveguide components testing. In this paper the layout, the installation, commissioning and stability measurements of this source are described in detail. The test stand will be soon operative and ready to test the first X-band accelerating structure prototype.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT061

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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TUPOTK033

First RF Measurements of Planar SRF Thin Films with a High Throughput Test Facility at Daresbury Laboratory

cavity, SRF, site, pick-up

1283

D.J. Seal, G. Burt, P. Goudket, O.B. Malyshev, B.S. Sian, R. Valizadeh
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G. Burt, D.J. Seal, B.S. Sian
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
P. Goudket, O.B. Malyshev, R. Valizadeh
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
P. Goudket
ESS, Lund, Sweden
H.S. Marks
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

The research on superconducting thin films for future radio frequency (RF) cavities requires measuring the RF properties of these films. However, coating and testing thin films on full-sized cavities is both challenging and timeconsuming. As a result, films are typically deposited on small, flat samples and characterised using a test cavity. At Daresbury Laboratory, a facility for testing 10 cm diameter samples has recently been commissioned. The cavity uses RF chokes to allow physical and thermal separation between itself and the sample under test. The facility allows for surface resistance measurements at a resonant frequency of 7.8 GHz, at temperatures down to 4 K, maximum RF power of 1 W and peak magnetic fields of a few mT. The main advantage of this system is the simple sample mounting procedure due to no physical welding between the sample and test cavity. This allows for a fast turnaround time of two to three days between samples. As such, this system can be used to quickly identify which samples are performing well under RF and should require further testing at higher gradient. Details of recent upgrades to this facility, together with measurements of both bulk niobium and thin film samples, will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK033

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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TUPOTK044

Preliminary Results of a Magnetic and Temperature Map System for 3 GHz Superconducting Radio Frequency Cavities

cavity, SRF, radio-frequency, niobium

1315

I.P. Parajuli, G. Ciovati, J.R. Delayen, A.V. Gurevich, B.D. Khanal
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
G. Ciovati, J.R. Delayen
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by NSF Grant 100614-010. Jlab work is supported by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities are fundamental building blocks of modern particle accelerators. A surface resistance in the tens of nanoOhm range is achieved when cooling these cavities to liquid helium temperature, ~2 - 4 K. One of the leading sources of residual losses in SRF cavities is trapped magnetic flux. Flux trapping mechanism depends on different surface preparations and cool-down conditions. We have designed, developed and commissioned a combined magnetic and temperature mapping system using anisotropic magneto-resistance sensors and carbon resistors, respectively, to study the flux trap mechanism in 3 GHz single-cell niobium cavities. In this contribution, we will describe the experimental apparatus and present preliminary test results.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK044

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 June 2022

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TUPOTK045

Magnetic Field Mapping of 1.3 GHz Superconducting Radio Frequency Niobium Cavities

cavity, SRF, niobium, radio-frequency

1319

I.P. Parajuli, G. Ciovati, J.R. Delayen, A.V. Gurevich
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
G. Ciovati, J.R. Delayen
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by NSF Grant 100614-010. Jlab work is supported by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
Niobium is the material of choice to build superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, which are fundamental building blocks of modern particle accelerators. These cavities require a cryogenic cool-down to ~2 - 4 K for optimum performance minimizing RF losses on the inner cavity surface. However, temperature-independent residual losses in SRF cavities cannot be prevented entirely. One of the significant contributor to residual losses is trapped magnetic flux. The flux trapping mechanism depends on different factors, such as surface preparations and cool-down conditions. We have developed a diagnostic magnetic field scanning system (MFSS) using Hall probes and anisotropic magneto-resistance sensors to study the spatial distribution of trapped flux in 1.3 GHz single-cell cavities. The first result from this newly commissioned system revealed that the trapped flux on the cavity surface might redistribute with increasing RF power. The MFSS was also able to capture significant magnetic field enhancement at specific cavity locations after a quench.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK045

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 20 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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TUPOTK055

One Year of Operation of the New Wideband RF System of the Proton Synchrotron Booster

operation, network, cavity, controls

1344

G.G. Gnemmi, S. Energico, M. Haase, M.M. Paoluzzi, C. Rossi
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Within the LHC Injectors Upgrade project, the PS Booster(PSB) has been upgraded. Both the injection (160 MeV) and extraction (2 GeV) energies have been increased, bringing also changes in the injection beam revolution frequency, the maximum revolution frequency, and the beam intensity. To meet the requirements of the High Luminosity LHC a new RF system has been designed, based on the wideband frequency characteristics of Finemet® Magnetic Alloy and solid-state amplifiers. The wideband frequency response (1 MHz to 18 MHz) covers all the required frequency schemes in the PSB, allowing multi-harmonics operation. The system is based on a cellular configuration in which each cell provides a fraction of the total RF voltage. The new RF system has been installed in 3 locations replacing the old systems. The installation has been performed during 2019/2020, while the commissioning started later in 2020 and relevant results for the physics have been already observed. This paper describes the new RF chain, the results achieved and the issues that occurred during this year of operation, together with the changes made to the system to improve performance and reliability.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOTK055

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Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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TUPOMS002

Status of Sirius Operation

storage-ring, cavity, operation, emittance

1385

L. Liu, M.B. Alves, A.C.S. Oliveira, X.R. Resende, R.M. Seraphim, H. Westfahl Jr., F.H. de Sá
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
R.H.A. Farias, S.R. Marques
CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil

SIRIUS is a Synchrotron Light Source Facility based on a 3 GeV electron storage ring with 518 m circumfer-ence and 250 pm.rad emittance. The facility was built and is operated by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), located in the CNPEM campus, in Campinas, Brazil. The accelerator commissioning and operation has been split into 2 phases: Phase0, corresponding to the initial accelerator commissioning with 6 beamlines, has been completed, and the project is now in preparation for Phase1, with full accelerator design performance and 14 beamlines in operation. We report on the status of SIRI-US last year operation and ongoing activities towards achieving completion of Phase1.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS002

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 June 2022

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TUPOMS018

Error Analysis and Commissioning Simulation for the PETRA-IV Storage Ring

lattice, simulation, optics, storage-ring

1442

T. Hellert, I.V. Agapov, S.A. Antipov, R. Bartolini, R. Brinkmann, Y.-C. Chae, D. Einfeld, M.A. Jebramcik, J. Keil
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The upgrade of the PETRA-III storage ring into a diffraction limited synchrotron radiation source is nearing the end of its detailed technical design phase. We present a preliminary commissioning simulation for PETRA-IV demonstrating that the final corrected machines meet the performance design goals.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS018

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Received ※ 10 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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TUPOMS033

Diamond-II Storage Ring Developments and Performance Studies

lattice, injection, storage-ring, impedance

1491

I.P.S. Martin, H.C. Chao, R.T. Fielder, H. Ghasem, J. Kallestrup, T. Olsson, B. Singh, S.W. Wang
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The Diamond-II project includes a replacement of the existing double-bend achromat storage ring with a modified hybrid 6-bend achromat, doubling the number of straight sections and increasing the photon beam brightness by up to two orders of magnitude*. The design and performance characterisation of the new storage ring has continued to progress, including a switch to an aperture-sharing injection scheme, freezing the magnet layout, studying the impact of IDs, developing a commissioning procedure and investigating collective effects. In this paper we present an overview of these studies, including final performance estimates.
*Diamond-II Technical Design Report, Diamond Light Source Ltd.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS033

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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TUPOMS052

Considerations From Deploying, Commissioning, and Maintaining the Control System for LCLS-II Undulators

undulator, controls, EPICS, vacuum

1546

M.A. Montironi, C.J. Andrews, G. Marcus, H.-D. Nuhn
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, contract DE-AC02-76SF00515
Two new undulator lines have been installed as part of the Linac Coherent Light Source upgrade (LCLSII) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. One undulator line, composed of 21 horizontally polarizing undulator segments, is dedicated to producing Soft X-Rays (SXR). The other line, composed of 32 vertically polarizing undulator segments, is dedicated to producing Hard X-Rays (HXR). The devices were installed, and the control system was deployed in 2019. Commissioning culminated with the achievement of first light from the HXR undulator in the Summer of 2020 and from the SXR undulator in the Fall of 2020. Since then, both undulator lines have been successfully providing x-Rays to user experiments with very limited downtime. In this paper, we first describe the strategies utilized to simplify the deployment, commissioning, and maintenance of the control system. Such strategies include scripts for automated components calibration and monitoring, a modular software structure, and debugging manuals for accelerator operators. Then, we discuss lessons learned which could be applicable to similar projects in the future.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS052

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

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WEIYGD1

Achievements and Performance Prospects of the Upgraded LHC Injectors

injection, brightness, proton, kicker

1610

V. Kain, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, F. Antoniou, T. Argyropoulos, F. Asvesta, B. Balhan, M.J. Barnes, D. Barrientos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, A. Boccardi, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, D.G. Cotte, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, M.A. Fraser, A. Funken, B. Goddard, G. Hagmann, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, M. Jaussi, I. Karpov, T. Koevener, D. Küchler, J.-B. Lallement, A. Lasheen, T.E. Levens, K.S.B. Li, A.M. Lombardi, N. Madysa, E. Mahner, M. Meddahi, L. Mether, B. Mikulec, J.C. Molendijk, E. Montesinos, D. Nisbet, F.-X. Nuiry, G. Papotti, K. Paraschou, F. Pedrosa, T. Prebibaj, S. Prodon, D. Quartullo, E. Renner, F. Roncarolo, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, P.K. Skowroński, A. Spierer, F. Tecker, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner, C. Zannini
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

To provide HL-LHC performance, the CERN LHC injector chain underwent a major upgrade during an almost 2-year-long shutdown. In the first half of 2021 the injectors were gradually re-started with the aim to reach at least pre-shutdown parameters for LHC as well as for fixed target beams. The strategy of the commissioning across the complex, a summary of the many challenges and finally the achievements will be presented. Several lessons were learned and have been integrated to define the strategy for the performance ramp-up over the coming years. Remaining limitations and prospects for LHC beam parameters at the exit of the LHC injector chain in the years to come will be discussed. Finally, the emerging need for improved operability of the CERN complex will be addressed, with a description of the first efforts to meet the availability and flexibility requirements of the HL-LHC era while at the same time maximizing fixed target physics output.

Slides WEIYGD1 [5.905 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEIYGD1

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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WEINGD1

Industry and Accelerator Science, Technology, and Engineering - the Need to Integrate (Building Bridges)

electron, laser, radiation, network

1644

R. Geometrante
KYMA, Trieste, Italy
S. Biedron
Element Aero, Chicago, USA
E. Braidotti
CAEN ELS srl, Trieste, Italy
J.M.A. Priem
VDL ETG, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
J.C. Rugsancharoenphol
FTI, Bangkok, Thailand
S.L. Sheehy
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
M. Vretenar
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Abstract

Slides WEINGD1 [36.079 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEINGD1

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Received ※ 05 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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WEPOST008

Optics Correction Strategy for Run 3 of the LHC

optics, coupling, injection, quadrupole

1687

T.H.B. Persson, F.S. Carlier, A. Costa Ojeda, J. Dilly, V. Ferrentino, E. Fol, H. García Morales, M. Hofer, E.J. Høydalsvik, J. Keintzel, M. Le Garrec, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, F. Soubelet, R. Tomás García, A. Wegscheider, L. van Riesen-Haupt
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
J.F. Cardona
UNAL, Bogota D.C, Colombia

After almost 4 years of shutdown the LHC is again operational in 2022. Experience from the previous Long Shutdown (LS) has shown that the local errors around the triplet magnets changed significantly and it is likely we will again see different errors in 2022. In the LHC there is an interplay between the linear and the nonlinear correction which can make the corrections difficult and time-consuming to find. In this article, we describe the measurements and corrections performed during the commissioning in 2022 in order to control both the linear and the nonlinear optics to high precision.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST008

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 25 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

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WEPOST025

A High Power Prototype of a Harmonic Kicker Cavity

kicker, cavity, operation, electron

1749

G.-T. Park, G.A. Grose, J. Guo, A. OBrien, R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang, R.S. Williams
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
S.A. Overstreet
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

A harmonic kicker, a beam exchange device that can deflect the beam at an ultra-fast time scale (a few ns), has been developed in Jefferson Lab *, **. The high power prototype that can deliver more than a 100 kV kick at 7 kW was fabricated. The RF performance of cavity such as the harmonic resonant frequencies, kick profiles, it’s stability, and electric center is tested at bench. The cavity will eventually be tested with a beam at Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) in Jefferson Lab. In this paper, we report some features of fabrication and bench test results. We also briefly describe our beam test plan in the future.
* G.Park, H.Wang, R.A.Rimmer, S. Wang, and J.Guo, THP092, Proceedings of IPAC2018, Vancouver, Canada (2018).
** G.Park, et al, WEPRBO99, Proceedings of IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia (2019).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST025

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Received ※ 11 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

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WEPOPT007

First Interaction Region Local Coupling Corrections in the LHC Run 3

coupling, optics, quadrupole, experiment

1838

F. Soubelet, T.H.B. Persson, R. Tomás García
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
Ö. Apsimon, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: This research is supported by the LIV. DAT Center for Doctoral Training, STFC and the European Organization for Nuclear Research
The successful operation of large scale particle accelerators depends on the precise correction of unavoidable magnetic field or magnet alignment errors present in the machine. During the LHC Run 2, local linear coupling in the interaction regions (IR) was shown to have a significant impact on the beam size, making its proper handling a necessity for Run 3 and the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). A new approach to accurately minimise the local IR linear coupling based on correlated external variables such as the |C-| had been proposed, which relies on the application of a rigid waist shift in order to create an asymmetry in the IR optics. In this contribution, preliminary corrections from the 2021 beam test and the early 2022 commissioning are presented, as well as first results of the new method’s experimental configuration tests in the LHC Run 3 commissioning.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT007

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

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WEPOPT021

A Discharge Plasma Source Development Platform for Accelerators: The ADVANCE Lab at DESY

plasma, diagnostics, laser, GUI

1886

J.M. Garland, R.T.P. D’Arcy, M. Dinter, S. Karstensen, S. Kottler, G. Loisch, K. Ludwig, J. Osterhoff, A. Rahali, A. Schleiermacher, S. Wesch
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Novel plasma-based accelerators, as well as advanced, high-gradient beam-manipulation techniques’for example passive or active plasma lenses’require reliable and well-characterized plasma sources, each optimized for their individual task. A very efficient and proven way of producing plasmas for these applications is by directly discharging an electrical current through a confined gas volume. To host the development of such discharge-based plasma sources for advanced accelerators, the ATHENA Discharge deVelopment ANd Characterization Experiment (ADVANCE) laboratory has been established at DESY. In this contribution we introduce the laboratory, give a summary of available infrastructure and diagnostics, as well as a brief overview of current and planned scientific goals.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT021

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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WEPOPT060

Controlling Landau Damping via Feed-Down From High-Order Correctors in the LHC and HL-LHC

optics, target, simulation, controls

1995

J. Dilly, E.H. Maclean, R. Tomás García
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Funding: This work has been supported by the HiLumi Project and been sponsored by the Wolfgang Gentner Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Re-search.
Amplitude detuning measurements in the LHC have shown that a significant amount of detuning is generated in Beam 1 via feed-down from decapole and dodecapole field errors in the triplets of the experiment insertion regions, while in Beam 2 this detuning is negligible. In this study, we investigate the cause of this behavior and we attempt to find corrections that use the feed-down from the nonlinear correctors in the insertion region for amplitude detuning.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT060

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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WEPOTK001

Status of the Normal Conducting Linac at the European Spallation Source

DTL, rfq, LEBT, MEBT

2019

D.C. Plostinar, C. Amstutz, S. Armanet, R.A. Baron, E.C. Bergman, A.K. Bhattacharyya, B.E. Bolling, W. Borg, S. Calic, M. Carroll, J. Cereijo García, J. Christensson, J.D. Christie, H. Danared, C.S. Derrez, E.M. Donegani, S. Ekström, M. Eriksson, M. Eshraqi, J.F. Esteban Müller, K. Falkland, M.J. Ferreira, A. Forsat, S. Gabourin, A.A. Gorzawski, V. Grishin, P.O. Gustavsson, S. Haghtalab, V.A. Harahap, H. Hassanzadegan, W. Hees, J.J. Jamróz, A. Jansson, M. Jensen, B. Jones, M. Kalafatic, I. Kittelmann, H. Kocevar, S. Kövecses de Carvalho, E. Laface, B. Lagoguez, Y. Levinsen, M. Lindroos, A. Lundmark, M. Mansouri, C. Marrelli, C.A. Martins, J.P.S. Martins, S. Micic, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, M. Mohammednezhad, R. Montaño, M. Muñoz, G. Mörk, D.J.P. Nicosia, B. Nilsson, D. Noll, A. Nordt, T. Olsson, L. Page, D. Paulic, S. Pavinato, S. Payandeh Azad, A. Petrushenko, J. Riegert, A. Rizzo, K.E. Rosengren, K. Rosquist, M. Serluca, T.J. Shea, A. Simelio, S. Slettebak, A.G. Sosa, H. Spoelstra, A.M. Svensson, L. Svensson, R. Tarkeshian, L. Tchelidze, C.A. Thomas, E. Trachanas, K. Vestin, R. Zeng, P.L. van Velze, N. Öst
ESS, Lund, Sweden
L. Antoniazzi, C. Baltador, L. Bellan, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, L. Ferrari, M.G. Giacchini, F. Grespan, M. Montis, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent, D. Scarpa
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
T. Bencivenga, P. Mereu, C. Mingioni, M. Nenni, E. Nicoletti
INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy
I. Bustinduy, A. Conde, D. Fernández-Cañoto, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, G. Harper, A. Kaftoosian, J. Martin, I. Mazkiaran, J.L. Muñoz, A.R. Páramo, S. Varnasseri, A.Z. Zugazaga
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
A.C. Chauveau, P. Hamel, O. Piquet
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
L. Neri
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The construction of the ESS accelerator is in full swing. Many key components have been delivered from our in-kind partners and installation, testing and commissioning is making remarkable progress. The first machine section to be commissioned with beam is the Normal Conducting Linac (NCL). When completed, a 14 Hz, 2.86 ms proton beam up to 62.5 mA will be transported from the Ion Source, through the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line, the Radiofrequency Quadrupole (RFQ), the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line and the five Drift Tube Linac (DTL) tanks up to 90 MeV where it will be injected in the first superconducting module of the machine. This paper will highlight recent progress across the NCL, present briefly the first commissioning results and discuss the upcoming phases as well as challenges in delivering a machine capable of meeting the requirements for a next generation spallation neutron facility.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK001

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Received ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 July 2022

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WEPOTK009

Processes and Tools to Manage CERN Programmed Stops Applied to the Second Long Shutdown of the Accelerator Complex

database, proton, operation, synchrotron

2048

E. Vergara Fernandez, A. Ansel, M. Barberan Marin, M. Bernardini, S. Chemli, J. Coupard, K. Foraz, D. Hay, J.M. Jimenez, D.J. Mcfarlane, F. Pedrosa, M. Pirozzi, J.Ph.G.L. Tock
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The preparation and follow-up of CERN accelerator complex programmed stops require clear processes and methodologies. The LHC and its Injectors were stopped in December 2018, to maintain, consolidate and upgrade the different equipment of the accelerator chain. During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), major projects were implemented such as the LHC Injectors upgrade and the LHC Dipoles Diodes consolidation. The installation of some equipment of the HL-LHC project took also place. This paper presents the application to the LS2 of the processes and tools to managed CERN programmed stops: it covers the preparation, implementation and follow up phases, as well as the KPIs, the tools used to build a coherent schedule and to follow up and report the progress. The description of the methodology to create a linear schedule, as well the construction of automatised broken lines and progress curves are detailed. It also describes the organizational set-up for the coordination of the works, the main activities and the key milestones. The impact of the COVID-19 on the long shutdown will be described, especially the strategy implemented to minimise its consequences.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK009

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

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WEPOTK012

Commissioning the New LLRF System of the CERN PS Booster

cavity, operation, injection, LLRF

2060

S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, D. Barrientos, A. Findlay, M. Jaussi, J.C. Molendijk
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The PS Booster (PSB) is the first synchrotron in the injection chain for protons. The beams produced for the LHC and various fixed target experiments cover a very large parameter space. Over the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), the PSB was heavily upgraded as part of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project. The low-level RF systems now drive the new Finemet-loaded cavities, control RF synchronisation for the new injection mechanism, and cope with the increased injection and extraction energies. The Finemet cavities provide exceptional flexibility, allowing an arbitrary distribution of voltage at different revolution frequency harmonics, but at the cost of significant broadband impedance. The new injection mechanism allows bunch-to-bucket multi-turn injection, which significantly reduces the amount of beam loss at the start of the cycle. The longitudinal beam production schema for each beam-type was developed based on simulations during LS2, and then adapted during the setting-up phase to suit the final operational configuration. This paper discusses the commissioning of the new LLRF, and the consequences of the LIU upgrades on the production of various beams.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK012

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Received ※ 25 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2022

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THOXGD1

ELENA - From Commissioning to Operation

proton, antiproton, experiment, operation

2391

L. Ponce, L. Bojtár, C. Carli, B. Dupuy, Y. Dutheil, P. Freyermuth, D. Gamba, L.V. Jørgensen, B. Lefort, S. Pasinelli
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

In 2021 the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA) moved from commissioning into the physics production phase providing 100 keV antiprotons to the newly connected experiments paving the way to an improved trapping efficiency by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the AD era. After recalling the major work undertaken during the CERN Long Shutdown 2 (2019-2020) in the antiproton deceleration complex, details will be given on the ELENA ring and the new electrostatic transfer line beam commissioning using an ion source. Sub-sequentially, the progress from commissioning with ions to operation with antiprotons will be described with emphasis on the achieved beam performance. Finally, the impact on the performance of the main hardware systems will be reviewed.

Slides THOXGD1 [9.720 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOXGD1

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

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THOXGD3

Commissioning Status of the RAON Superconducting Accelerator

cryomodule, linac, quadrupole, rfq

2399

H.J. Kim, Y.J. Choi, Y.S. Chung, J. Heo, I.S. Hong, J.-H. Jang, D. Jeon, H. Jin, G.D. Kim, Y.H. Kim, J.W. Kwon, S. Lee, B.-S. Park, M.J. Park, C.W. Son
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
D.M. Kim
KUS, Sejong, Republic of Korea
E.H. Lim
Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, Republic of Korea
S.H. Moon
UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

The Rare isotope Accelerator Complex for ON-line experiments (RAON) has been proposed as a multi-purpose accelerator facility for providing beams of exotic rare isotopes of various energies. It can deliver ions from hydrogen (proton) to uranium. Protons and uranium ions are accelerated up to 600 MeV and 200 MeV/u respectively. It can provide various rare isotope beams which are produced by isotope separator on-line system. The RAON injector was successfully commissioned in 2021 to study the initial beam parameters from the main technical systems, such as the ECR ion source and RFQ, and to find the optimized LEBT and MEBT setpoints and matching conditions. In this paper, we present the current commissioning status of the RAON injector in preparation for the upcoming SCL3 beam commissioning.

Slides THOXGD3 [6.508 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THOXGD3

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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THPOST016

Development Progress of HEPS LINAC

linac, emittance, simulation, LLRF

2472

C. Meng, N. Gan, D.Y. He, X. He, Y. Jiao, J.Y. Li, J.D. Liu, Y.M. Peng, H. Shi, G. Shu, S.C. Wang, O. Xiao, J.R. Zhang, Z.D. Zhang, Z.S. Zhou
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
X.H. Lu, X.J. Nie
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a synchrotron radiation source of ultrahigh brightness and under construction in China. Its accelerator system is comprised of a 6-GeV storage ring, a full energy booster, a 500-MeV Linac and three transfer lines. The Linac is a S-band normal conducting electron linear accelerator with available bunch charge up to 10 nC. The Linac installation has been finished at the end of May this year. The system joint debugging and device conditioning of the accelerating units, the power supplies, et al., are in progress. The beam commissioning will start in September 2022. This paper presents the status of the HEPS Linac and detailed introduction of the beam commissioning simulations and preparations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST016

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022

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THPOST039

SPS Beam Dump System (SBDS) Commissioning After Relocation and Upgrade

kicker, controls, vacuum, hardware

2530

P. Van Trappen, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetière, V. Namora, V. Senaj, F.M. Velotti, N. Voumard
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

In order to overcome several machine limitations, the SBDS has been relocated from LSS1 (Long Straight Section 1) to LSS5 during LS2 (Long Shutdown 2) with an important upgrade of the extraction kicker installation. An additional vertical deflection kicker magnet (MKDV) was produced and installed while the high voltage (HV) pulse generators have been upgraded by changing gas-discharge switches (thyratrons and ignitrons) to semiconductor stacks operating in oil. Furthermore the horizontal sweep generators have been upgraded to allow for a lower kick strengths. The controls, previously consolidated during LS1, went through an additional light consolidation phase with among others the upgrade of the trigger & retrigger distribution system and the installation of a new fast-interlocks detection system. This paper describes the commissioning without and with beam and elaborates on the measured improvements and encountered problems with corrective mitigations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOST039

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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THPOPT016

Commissioning Simulations for the DIAMOND-II Upgrade

injection, optics, storage-ring, quadrupole

2598

H.C. Chao, R.T. Fielder, J. Kallestrup, I.P.S. Martin, B. Singh
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The Diamond-II storage ring, compared to Diamond, improves the natural beam emittance from 2.7 nm to 160 pm and the beam energy from 3 to 3.5 GeV. The number of straight sections is also doubled from 24 to 48 thanks to the modified hybrid six-bend-achromat lattice. To reduce the impact on the existing science program, the dark time period must be minimised. To assist in this aim, storage ring commissioning simulations have been carried out to predict and resolve possible issues. These studies include beam commissioning starting from on-axis first-turn beam threading up to beam based alignment and full linear optics correction with stored beam. The linear optics corrections with insertion devices are also included. The machine characterisations at different stages are compared. Considerations on realistic chamber limitations, error definitions and some commissioning strategies are also discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT016

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Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022

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THPOPT039

Performance Report of the SOLEIL Multipole Injection Kicker

injection, kicker, storage-ring, synchrotron

2675

R. Ollier, P. Alexandre, R. Ben El Fekih, A. Gamelin, N. Hubert, M. Labat, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

A Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) was installed in a short straight section of the SOLEIL storage ring and successfully commissioned in 2021. A small horizontal orbit distortion in the micrometer range was achieved outperforming the standard bump-based injection scheme installed in a 12-m long straight section. Refined studies have been conducted to fully understand and further improve the performance of the device. Indeed, a novel generation of the MIK will be the key element for the injection scheme of the SOLEIL Upgrade. We report simulation studies and the latest MIK experimental performance. Both injected and stored beam-based measurements were performed using new types of diagnostics with turn-by-turn capability (Libera Brillance⁺ BPM, KALYPSO: 2x1D imaging). The residual perturbations on the beam positions and sizes were measured; the magnetic field of the MIK device was reconstructed. An unexpected kick was detected in the vertical plane and an active correction implemented to cancel the resulting perturbation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT039

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Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

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THPOPT044

The Alkali-Metal Photocathode Preparation Facility at Daresbury Laboratory: First Caesium Telluride Deposition Results

cathode, electron, emittance, FEL

2693

H.M. Churn, C. Benjamin, L.B. Jones, T.C.Q. Noakes
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C. Benjamin
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
H.M. Churn, L.B. Jones, T.C.Q. Noakes
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Fourth generation light sources require high brightness electron beams. To achieve this a photocathode with a high quantum efficiency and low intrinsic emittance is required, which is also robust with a long operational lifetime and low dark current. Alkali-metal photocathodes have the potential to fulfil these requirements, so are an important research area for the accelerator physics community. STFC Daresbury Laboratory are currently commissioning the Alkali-metal Photocathode Preparation Facility (APPF) which will be used to grow alkali photocathodes. Photocathodes produced by the APPF will be analysed using Daresbury Laboratory’s existing Multiprobe system* and the Transverse Energy Spread Spectrometer (TESS)**. Multiprobe can perform a variety of surface analysis techniques while the TESS can measure the Mean Transverse Energy of a photocathode from its Transverse Energy Distribution Curve over a large range of illumination wavelengths. We present an overview on our current progress in the commissioning and testing of the APPF, the results from the first Cs-Te deposition and detail the work planned to facilitate the manufacture of Cs₂Te photocathodes for the CLARA accelerator***.
*B.L. Militsyn, 4th EuCARD2 WP12.5 meeting, Warsaw, 14-15 Mar. 2017
**L. Jones et al., Proc. FEL ’13, TUPPS033, 290-293
***D. Angal-Kalinin et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams, Vol. 23, Iss. 4, 2020

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT044

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Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 June 2022

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THPOPT060

Tolerance Study on the Geometrical Errors for a Planar Superconducting Undulator

undulator, FEL, simulation, FEM

2734

V. Grattoni, S. Casalbuoni, B. Marchetti
EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany

At the European XFEL, a superconducting afterburner is considered for the SASE2 hard X-ray beamline. It will consist of six undulator modules. Within each module, two superconducting undulators (SCU) 2 m long are present. Such an afterburner will enable photon energies above 30 keV. A high field quality of the SCU is crucial to guarantee the quality of the electron beam trajectory, which is directly related to the spectral quality of the emitted free-electron laser (FEL) radiation. Therefore, the effects of the SCU’s mechanical imperfections on the resultant magnetic field have to be carefully characterized. In this contribution, we present possible mechanical errors affecting the undulator structure, and we perform an analytical study aimed at determining the tolerances on these errors for our SCUs.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT060

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 June 2022

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THPOTK020

Recent Experience from the Large-Scale Deployment of Power Converters with Magnet Energy Recovery

operation, controls, quadrupole, experiment

2809

K.D. Papastergiou, G. Le Godec, V. Montabonnet
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

A new powering solution was deployed at CERN for transfer lines in the injector complex as part of the LHC injectors upgrade. The new powering uses regenerative power converters to recycle the magnet energy between physics operations. This work gives an overview of the developed technology, the way it is used in the accelerators complex and some results of first period of operation with beam.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK020

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Received ※ 03 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 25 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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THPOTK034

Vacuum System Performance of the 3 GeV Electron Storage Ring at MAX IV Laboratory

vacuum, storage-ring, operation, injection

2836

M.J. Grabski, E. Al-Dmour, S.M. Scolari
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

The 3 GeV electron storage ring at MAX IV laboratory is the first synchrotron light source with compact multi-bend achromat (MBA) magnet lattice to achieve ultra-low emittance. The vacuum system of the accelerator is fully coated with non-evaporable getter (NEG) thin film to ensure low gas density. The storage ring started commissioning in August 2015 and currently delivers photon beams from insertion devices (IDs) to 9 beamlines that are in user operation or commissioning. After over 6 years of operation, the NEG coated vacuum system continues to be reliable, is conditioning well and do not pose any limitation to the accelerator operation. The average dynamic pressure is lower than the design value (below 3·10^-10 mbar) and is reducing with the accumulated beam dose. The vacuum beam lifetime is greater than 39 Ah, and the total beam lifetime is above the design value of 5 Ah - thus is not limited by the residual gas density. Several successful interventions to install new vacuum components were performed on few achromats in the storage ring during shutdowns. Some of them were done utilizing purified neon gas to vent the vacuum system, thus avoiding the need of re-activation of the NEG coating and saving intervention time without compromising the storage ring performance.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK034

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022

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THPOTK058

CERN’s East Experimental Area: A New Modern Physics Facility

experiment, target, operation, secondary-beams

2911

S. Evrard, D. Banerjee, J. Bernhard, F. Carvalho, S. Danzeca, M. Lazzaroni, B. Rae, G. Romagnoli
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

CERN’s East Area has hosted a variety of fixed-target experiments since the 1950s, using four beamlines from the Proton Synchrotron (PS). Over the past 4 years, the experimental area - CERN’s second largest - has undergone a complete makeover. New instrumentation and beamline configuration have improved the precision of data collection, and new magnets and power convertors have drastically reduced the area’s energy consumption. This article will summarize the major challenges encountered for the design of the renovated beamlines and for the preparation and test of the components. The infrastructure was carefully fitted resulting in a very smooth beam commissioning, the details of which will also be presented along with the restart of physics in the second half of 2021. With the return of the beams in the accelerator complex, the East Area’s experiments have taken physics measurements again and the facility’s central role in the modern physics landscape has been restored.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK058

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

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THPOTK059

Laser System for SuperKEKB RF Gun in Phase III Commissioning

laser, electron, injection, gun

2914

R. Zhang, M. Yoshida, X. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
H.K. Kumano, N. Toyotomi
Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan

In order to generate high quality electron beam with high charge in Phase III commissioning of SuperKEKB, some improvements have been done in Ytterbium doped fiber and Neodymium doped YAG (Nd:YAG) hybrid laser system. Spatial reshaping part for the 4th harmonic laser beam at 266 nm has been adopted to realize low emittance electron beam. In addition, for achieving continuous and stable laser operation, position feedback system has also been used to improve the pointing stability of laser beam. In 2021 commissioning of SuperKEKB, stable 2 nC electron beam is generated for high energy ring (HER) injection. Meanwhile, we achieved the best emittance results at B-sector of linac injector and BT line for comparable low injection background and higher injection efficiency. With the aim of generating higher charge electron beam with good quality in the following commissioning, a perspective towards the next step update for current laser system is also introduced.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK059

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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THPOMS002

Gantry Beamline and Rotator Commissioning at the Medaustron Ion Therapy Center

proton, optics, quadrupole, radiation

2933

M.T.F. Pivi, L. Adler, G. Guidoboni, G. Kowarik, C. Kurfürst, C. Maderböck, D.A. Prokopovich, I. Strašík
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
G. Kowarik
GKMT Consulting, Consulting and Project Management, Vienna, Austria
M. Pavlovič
STU, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
M.G. Pullia
CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
V. Rizzoglio
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The MedAustron Particle Therapy Accelerator located in Austria, delivers proton beams in the energy range 60-250 MeV/n and carbon ions 120-400 MeV/n for medical treatment in two irradiation rooms, clinically used for tumor therapy. Proton beams up to 800 MeV/n are also provided to a room dedicated to scientific research. Over the last two years, in parallel to clinical operations, we have completed the installation and commissioning of the gantry beam line in a dedicated room, ready for the first patient treatment in early 2022. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the MedAustron gantry beam commissioning including the world-wide first ’rotator’ system, a rotating beamline located upstream of the gantry and used to match the slowly extracted non-symmetric beams into the coordinate system of the gantry. Using the rotator, all beam parameters at the location of the patient become independent of the gantry rotation angle. Furthermore, both the gantry and the high energy transfer line optics had to be redesigned and adapted to the rotator-mode of operation. A review of the beam commissioning including technical solutions, main results and reference measurements is presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOMS002

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Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 July 2022

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