IPAC2022 - Classification: MC5: Beam Dynamics and EM Fields / D11: Code Developments and Simulation Techniques

Paper	Title	Page
MOIYSP1	Machine Learning as a Tool for Online, Surrogate Modelling of Beam Dynamics
	A.L. Edelen SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	The detailed design and optimization of accelerators has historically relied on high-fidelity simulations whose computational requirements limit their use as online tools. Recently, a growing community has begun reducing this computational burden by applying techniques from machine learning. For example, by learning from a sparse sampling of physics simulations one can develop fast-executing "surrogate models" that approximately predict accelerator performance for entirely new design parameters. Using these models can reduce compute times for multi-objective optimization studies by several orders of magnitude. In addition, surrogate models are now being applied in operational settings to enable non-invasive diagnostics and real-time optimization. This talk will cover developments in this field, applications to medium-energy electron photoinjectors, and how such surrogate models may improve our physics understanding of present and future accelerators.
	Slides MOIYSP1 [19.989 MB]
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOPT065	Simulations of the Upgraded Drive-Beam Photoinjector at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator	2015
	E.A. Frame, P. Piot Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA S.Y. Kim, X. Lu, J.G. Power, D.S. Scott, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Department of Energy The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) is planning to upgrade its photoinjector for the drive-beam accelerator. The main goal of the upgrade is to improve the beam brightness using a symmetrized RF-gun cavity. In the process, the photoinjector was reconfigured and some of the solenoid magnets redesigned. A challenging aspect of this optimization is that the injector should be able to produce bright low-charge (~1 nC) bunches while also being capable of operating at high-charge (~50 nC) bunches. This paper will discuss the optimization of the beam dynamics for the low- and high-charge cases and explore the performances of the proposed configuration using a model of the full AWA drive-beam beamline including 3D field maps for the external electromagnetic fields. The optimizations are performed with ASTRA and the DEAP toolbox and with OPAL.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT065
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK032	Fast Electromagnetic Models of Existing Beamline Simulations	2130
	S. Padden, E. Kukstas, P. Pusa, V. Rodin, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom S. Padden, V. Rodin, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The AD-ELENA complex decelerates antiprotons to ener- gies of 100 keV before transport to experiments through elec- trostatic transfer lines. Transfer line optics are traditionally designed from a lattice based approach and are unaffected by external effects. Presented is a method of rapidly proto- typing MAD-X simulations into G4Beamline models which propagate particles via electromagnetic fields rather than idealised optical lattice parameters. The transfer line to the ALPHA experiment is simulated in this approach. Due to the presence of fringe fields disagreement is found between the two models. Using an error minimisation technique, revised quadrupole strengths are found which improve agreement by 30% without any manual adjustment.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK032
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK040	Spin-Tracking Simulations in a COSY Model Using Bmad	2158
SUSPMF080	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	M. Vitz FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The matter-antimatter asymmetry might be understood by investigating the EDM (Electric Dipole Moment) of elementary charged particles. A permanent EDM of a subatomic particle violates time reversal and parity symmetry at the same time and would be, with the currently achievable experimental accuracy, an indication for further CP violation than established in the Standard Model. The JEDI-Collaboration (Jülich Electric Dipole moment Investigations) in Jülich has performed a direct EDM measurement for deuterons with the so called precurser experiments at the storage ring COSY (COoler SYnchrotron). In order to understand the measured data and to disentangle an EDM signal from systematic effects, spin tracking simulations in an accurate simulation model of COSY are needed. Therefore a model of COSY was implemented using the software library Bmad. Systematic effects were considered by including element misalignments, effective dipole shortening and steerer kicks. These effects rotate the invariant spin axis additional to the EDM and have to be analyzed and understood. The most recent spin tracking results as well as the methods to find the invariant spin axis will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK040
About •	Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK054	Experimental Verification of DARHT Axis 1 Injector PIC Simulations	2183
	A.F. Press, M.A. Jaworski, D.C. Moir, S. Szustkowski LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Validated particle in cell (PIC) simulations of the DARHT Axis 1 injector have the potential to reduce accelerator downtime, assist experimental data analysis and improve accelerator tunes. To realize these benefits, the simulations must be validated with experimental results. In this work, the particle in cell code Chicago is used to simulate the injector region of the dual-axis radiographic hydrodynamic test facility (DARHT) first axis. These simulations are validated against experiment using measured anode-cathode voltage, beam current at three positions, optical transition radiation and previously calculated emittance. Since all of these measurements contain some variation, the respective simulation parameters are varied to understand their effect. The resulting simulated beam current distributions can then be compared to the measured 2RMS radius. This resulted in a reasonably well validated simulation model. Some inconstancy between simulated and measured results still exists, which future work will address.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK054
About •	Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS023	Optimization Studies of Simulated THz Radiation at FLUTE	2292
	C. Xu, E. Bründermann, A.-S. Müller, A. Santamaria Garcia, J. Schäfer, M. Schwarz KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	Funding: Supported by the Helmholtz Association (Autonomous Accelerator, ZT-I-PF-5-6) and the DFG-funded Doctoral School "Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology". The linac-based test facility FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac Und Test Experiment) at KIT will be used to study novel accelerator technology and provide intense THz pulses. In this paper, we present start-to-end simulation studies of FLUTE with different bunch charges. We employ a parallel Bayesian optimization algorithm for different bunch charges of FLUTE to find optimized accelerator settings for the generation of intense THz radiation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS023
About •	Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS033	CETA-A Code Package Being Developed for Collective Effect Analysis and Simulation in Electron Storage Rings	2323
	C. Li, Y.-C. Chae DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The code Collective Effect Tool Analysis (CETA) is under development to study the collective effects in the electron storage ring. With the impedance either generated by itself or imported from an external file, CETA can calculate the loss and kick factors, the longitudinal equilibrium bunch length from a Haissinski solver, and the head-tail mode frequency shift from a Vlasov solver. Meanwhile, the code CETASim, which can track particles to study coupled-bunch instabilities caused by long-range wakefield, ion effects, transient beam loading effect, bunch-by-bunch feedback, etc., is also under development. In this paper, we describe the code status and give several simulation results from CETA and CETASim to show how these codes work. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 871072
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS033
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS035	Harpy: A Fast, Simple and Accurate Harmonic Analysis with Error Propagation	2326
	L. Malina DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Traditionally, in the accelerator physics field, accurate harmonic analysis has been performed by iteratively interpolating the result of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in the frequency domain. Such an approach becomes computationally demanding when relatively small effects are being studied, which is especially evident in the typical example of harmonic analysis of turn-by-turn beam position monitor data, i.e. many correlated but noisy signals. A new harmonic analysis algorithm, called Harpy, is about an order of magnitude faster than other methods, while often being also more accurate. Harpy combines standard techniques such as zero-padded FFT and noise-cleaning based on singular value decomposition. This combination also allows estimating errors of phases and amplitudes of beam-related harmonics calculated from cleaned data.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS035
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS036	Accelerating Linear Beam Dynamics Simulations for Machine Learning Applications	2330
	O. Stein, I.V. Agapov, A. Eichler, J. Kaiser DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Machine learning has proven to be a powerful tool with many applications in the field of accelerator physics. Training machine learning models is a highly iterative process that requires large numbers of samples. However, beam time is often limited and many of the available simulation frameworks are not optimized for fast computation. As a result, training complex models can be infeasible. In this contribution, we introduce Cheetah, a linear beam dynamics framework optimized for fast computations. We show that Cheetah outperforms existing simulation codes in terms of speed and furthermore demonstrate the application of Cheetah to a reinforcement-learning problem as well as the successful transfer of the Cheetah-trained model to the real world. We anticipate that Cheetah will allow for faster development of more capable machine learning solutions in the field, one day enabling the development of autonomous accelerators.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS036
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS039	Analysis of Xcos Simulation Model for Intensity at Third and Fifth Harmonics Undulator Radiation	2338
	H. Jeevakhan NITTTR, Bhopal, India K. Kushwaha, M. Syed RGPV, Bhopal, India G. Mishra Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
	Xcos simulation model is analysed for the intensity of planar undulator radiation at the third and fifth harmonics. The Xcos model is designed by using the numerical approach. The results obtained from the simulation model are compared with the analytical method. The model can also be utilized for observing the effect of energy spread on radiation by numerical approach. An algorithm for analysing the effect of energy spread is also presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS039
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS042	The HOMEN Model: An Estimator of High Order Modes Evolution in an Energy Recovery Linac	2342
	S. Samsam, A. Bacci, V. Petrillo, M. Rossetti Conti, A.R. Rossi, M. Ruijter, L. Serafini INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy A. Bosotti, R. Paparella, D. Sertore INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy M.R. Masullo, A. Passarelli INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy M. Opromolla Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
	Energy recovery linacs represent the new frontier of energy sustainability in the field of particle accelerators while providing remarkable performance in terms of high average current and average brightness. Operating superconducting radio-frequency cavities in continuous wave makes high repetition rates (GHz-class) affordable and allows the construction of light sources such as FEL or Compton based characterized by high flux. \ This study originates in the context of the design study of BriXSinO, an ERL based on the two-pass two-way scheme à la Maury Tigner in which the cavities are traveled by the beam in both directions, the first time in the accelerating phase and the second time in the decelerating phase. HOMEN was conceived as a model to simulate the evolution of high order modes on long time scales in high Q cavities of machines of this kind and monitor their effects on the beam.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS042
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS043	UFO, a GPU Code Tailored Toward MBA Lattice Optimization	2346
	M. Carlà, M. Canals ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
	The complexity of multi-bend achromatic optics is such that computational tools performance has become a dominant factor in the design process a last generation synchrotron light source. To relieve the problem a new code (UFO) tailored toward performance was developed to assist the design of the ALBA-II optics. Two main strategies contribute to the performance of UFO: the execution flow follows a data parallel paradigm, well suited for GPU execution; the use of a just-in-time compiler allows to simplify the computation whenever the lattice allows for it. At the core of UFO lies a parallel tracking routine structured for parallel simulation of optics which differs in some parameters, such as magnet strength or alignment, but retains the same element order, reflecting the scenario found in optimization processes, or when dealing with magnetic or alignment errors. Such an approach allows to take advantage of GPUs which yield the best performance when running thousands of parallel threads. Moreover UFO is not limited to tracking. A few modules that rely on the same tracking routine allow for the fast computation of dynamic and momentum aperture, closed orbit and linear optics.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS043
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 19 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS046	Machine Learning-Based Modeling of Muon Beam Ionization Cooling	2354
	E. Fol, D. Schulte CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland C.T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Surrogate modeling can lead to significant improvements of beam dynamics simulations in terms of computational time and resources. Application of supervised machine learning, using collected simulation data allows to build surrogate models which can estimate beam parameters evolution based on the provided cooling channel design. The created models help to understand the correlations between different lattice components and the importance of specific beam properties for the cooling performance. We present the application of surrogate modeling to enhance final muon cooling design studies, demonstrating the potential of such approach to be integrated into the design and optimization of other components of future colliders.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS046
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 28 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS047	Automated Design and Optimization of the Final Cooling for a Muon Collider	2358
	E. Fol, D. Schulte, B. Stechauner CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland C.T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom J. Schieck HEPHY, Wien, Austria
	The desired beam emittance for a Muon collider is several orders of magnitude less than the one of the muon beams produced at the front-end target. Ionization cooling has been demonstrated as a suitable technique for the reduction of the muon beam emittance. Final cooling, as one of the most critical stages of the muon collider complex, necessitates careful design and optimization in order to control the beam dynamics and ensure efficient emittance reduction. We present an optimization framework based on ICool simulation code and application of different optimization algorithms, to automatize the choice of optimal initial muon beam parameters and simultaneous tuning of numerous final cooling components.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS047
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS048	A Flexible Online Optimizer for SPS	2362
	T. Pulampong, N. Suradet SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
	Siam Photon Source (SPS) machine in Thailand has been operating for more than two decades with limited diagnostic systems. It is very challenging to efficiently tune and operate the machine. With online optimization, only variables and objectives are required to tune for better solutions. It this work, a flexible optimizer was developed. Objectives and variables can be freely defined based on available hardware in the form of Process Variables (PVs). Several multi-objective and Robust Conjugated Direction Search (RCDS) algorithms are provided. The online optimizer was tested on the SPS machine to improved the injection efficiency. Due to its flexibility, the optimizer can also be used for other systems.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS048
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS049	ESS RFQ Electromagnetic Simulations Using CST Studio Suite	2365
	E. Trachanas, A. Bignami, N. Gazis, B. Jones, R. Zeng ESS, Lund, Sweden G. Fikioris, E.N. Gazis, A. Kladas National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece P. Hamel, O. Piquet CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) of the European Spallation Source (ESS), operates at 352.21 MHz with an RF pulse length of 3.2 ms and repetition rate of 14 Hz. The RFQ focuses, bunches and accelerates the 62.5 mA proton beam from 75 keV up to 3.6 MeV. In an effort to study and compare the results from 3D electromagnetic codes, different models of the RFQ were simulated with CST Studio suite. This paper presents the selection of optimal parameters for simulation of the RFQ cavity voltage and comparison of the results with the RFQ design code Toutatis.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS049
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS053	Using Taylor Maps with Synchrotron Radiation Effects Included	2376
	D. Sagan, G.H. Hoffstaetter Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA P. Nishikawa KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: DOE Routinely, particle tracking in accelerators is done either by tracking element-by-element which is slow, or by using a transfer map that does not take into account radiation effects. However, there is a fairly straight forward way for constructing Taylor maps that do have radiation effects included. This paper shows how, by partial map inversion, non-symplectic effects due to the finite truncation of the Taylor series can be eliminated. This enables tracking simulations to use maps of lower order than what would otherwise be necessary leading to a speedup of the simulation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS053
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 21 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS055	Cathode Space Charge in Bmad	2380
	N. Wang Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA J.A. Crittenden, C.M. Gulliford, G.H. Hoffstaetter, D. Sagan Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA C.E. Mayes SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This project was supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We present an implementation of charged particle tracking with the cathode space charge effect included which is now openly available in the Bmad toolkit for charged particle simulations. Adaptive step size control is incorporated to improve the computational efficiency. We demonstrate its capability with a simulation of a DC gun and compare it with the well-established space charge code Impact-T.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS055
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS056	Spin Matching and Monte-Carlo Simulation of Radiative Spin Depolarization in e⁺e⁻ Storage Rings with Bmad	2383
	O. Beznosov, J.A. Ellison, K.A. Heinemann UNM-MATH, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA D.P. Barber DESY, Hamburg, Germany J.A. Crittenden, G.H. Hoffstaetter, D. Sagan Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Award Numbers DE-SC0018008 and DE-SC0018370. The Bmad/Tao software toolkit has been extended to estimate the rate of radiative spin depolarization in e⁺/e⁻ storage rings. First estimates are made using the SLIM algorithm of linearized spin-orbit motion. The extension implements the effects on s-o motion of stochastic photon emission using a Monte-Carlo tracking algorithm. Spins are tracked in 3-D along particle trajectories with the aid of Taylor expansions of quaternions provided by PTC. The efficiency of long-term tracking is guarantied by the use of a sectioning technique that was exploited in previous-generation software. Sectioning is the construction of the deterministic s-o maps for sections between the dipoles during the initialization phase. Maps can be reused during the tracking. In a simulation for a realistic storage ring, the computational cost of initial map construction is amortized by the multi-turn tracking computational cost. The use of 1st-order terms in the quaternion expansions to construct the s-o coupling matrices in the matrices of the SLIM algorithm. These matrices are then available for an extension of the optimization facilities in Bmad to minimize depolarizing effects by spin matching. SLICKTRACK and SITROS ** Polymorphic Tracking Code by Etienne Forest
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS056
About •	Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

MOIYSP1

Machine Learning as a Tool for Online, Surrogate Modelling of Beam Dynamics

A.L. Edelen
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

The detailed design and optimization of accelerators has historically relied on high-fidelity simulations whose computational requirements limit their use as online tools. Recently, a growing community has begun reducing this computational burden by applying techniques from machine learning. For example, by learning from a sparse sampling of physics simulations one can develop fast-executing "surrogate models" that approximately predict accelerator performance for entirely new design parameters. Using these models can reduce compute times for multi-objective optimization studies by several orders of magnitude. In addition, surrogate models are now being applied in operational settings to enable non-invasive diagnostics and real-time optimization. This talk will cover developments in this field, applications to medium-energy electron photoinjectors, and how such surrogate models may improve our physics understanding of present and future accelerators.

Slides MOIYSP1 [19.989 MB]

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOPT065

Simulations of the Upgraded Drive-Beam Photoinjector at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator

2015

E.A. Frame, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
S.Y. Kim, X. Lu, J.G. Power, D.S. Scott, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Department of Energy
The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) is planning to upgrade its photoinjector for the drive-beam accelerator. The main goal of the upgrade is to improve the beam brightness using a symmetrized RF-gun cavity. In the process, the photoinjector was reconfigured and some of the solenoid magnets redesigned. A challenging aspect of this optimization is that the injector should be able to produce bright low-charge (~1 nC) bunches while also being capable of operating at high-charge (~50 nC) bunches. This paper will discuss the optimization of the beam dynamics for the low- and high-charge cases and explore the performances of the proposed configuration using a model of the full AWA drive-beam beamline including 3D field maps for the external electromagnetic fields. The optimizations are performed with ASTRA and the DEAP toolbox and with OPAL.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT065

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK032

Fast Electromagnetic Models of Existing Beamline Simulations

2130

S. Padden, E. Kukstas, P. Pusa, V. Rodin, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
S. Padden, V. Rodin, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The AD-ELENA complex decelerates antiprotons to ener- gies of 100 keV before transport to experiments through elec- trostatic transfer lines. Transfer line optics are traditionally designed from a lattice based approach and are unaffected by external effects. Presented is a method of rapidly proto- typing MAD-X simulations into G4Beamline models which propagate particles via electromagnetic fields rather than idealised optical lattice parameters. The transfer line to the ALPHA experiment is simulated in this approach. Due to the presence of fringe fields disagreement is found between the two models. Using an error minimisation technique, revised quadrupole strengths are found which improve agreement by 30% without any manual adjustment.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK032

About •

Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK040

Spin-Tracking Simulations in a COSY Model Using Bmad

2158

SUSPMF080

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

M. Vitz
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The matter-antimatter asymmetry might be understood by investigating the EDM (Electric Dipole Moment) of elementary charged particles. A permanent EDM of a subatomic particle violates time reversal and parity symmetry at the same time and would be, with the currently achievable experimental accuracy, an indication for further CP violation than established in the Standard Model. The JEDI-Collaboration (Jülich Electric Dipole moment Investigations) in Jülich has performed a direct EDM measurement for deuterons with the so called precurser experiments at the storage ring COSY (COoler SYnchrotron). In order to understand the measured data and to disentangle an EDM signal from systematic effects, spin tracking simulations in an accurate simulation model of COSY are needed. Therefore a model of COSY was implemented using the software library Bmad. Systematic effects were considered by including element misalignments, effective dipole shortening and steerer kicks. These effects rotate the invariant spin axis additional to the EDM and have to be analyzed and understood. The most recent spin tracking results as well as the methods to find the invariant spin axis will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK040

About •

Received ※ 02 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK054

Experimental Verification of DARHT Axis 1 Injector PIC Simulations

2183

A.F. Press, M.A. Jaworski, D.C. Moir, S. Szustkowski
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Validated particle in cell (PIC) simulations of the DARHT Axis 1 injector have the potential to reduce accelerator downtime, assist experimental data analysis and improve accelerator tunes. To realize these benefits, the simulations must be validated with experimental results. In this work, the particle in cell code Chicago is used to simulate the injector region of the dual-axis radiographic hydrodynamic test facility (DARHT) first axis. These simulations are validated against experiment using measured anode-cathode voltage, beam current at three positions, optical transition radiation and previously calculated emittance. Since all of these measurements contain some variation, the respective simulation parameters are varied to understand their effect. The resulting simulated beam current distributions can then be compared to the measured 2RMS radius. This resulted in a reasonably well validated simulation model. Some inconstancy between simulated and measured results still exists, which future work will address.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK054

About •

Received ※ 06 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS023

Optimization Studies of Simulated THz Radiation at FLUTE

2292

C. Xu, E. Bründermann, A.-S. Müller, A. Santamaria Garcia, J. Schäfer, M. Schwarz
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: Supported by the Helmholtz Association (Autonomous Accelerator, ZT-I-PF-5-6) and the DFG-funded Doctoral School "Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology".
The linac-based test facility FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac Und Test Experiment) at KIT will be used to study novel accelerator technology and provide intense THz pulses. In this paper, we present start-to-end simulation studies of FLUTE with different bunch charges. We employ a parallel Bayesian optimization algorithm for different bunch charges of FLUTE to find optimized accelerator settings for the generation of intense THz radiation.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS023

About •

Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS033

CETA-A Code Package Being Developed for Collective Effect Analysis and Simulation in Electron Storage Rings

2323

C. Li, Y.-C. Chae
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The code Collective Effect Tool Analysis (CETA) is under development to study the collective effects in the electron storage ring. With the impedance either generated by itself or imported from an external file, CETA can calculate the loss and kick factors, the longitudinal equilibrium bunch length from a Haissinski solver, and the head-tail mode frequency shift from a Vlasov solver. Meanwhile, the code CETASim, which can track particles to study coupled-bunch instabilities caused by long-range wakefield, ion effects, transient beam loading effect, bunch-by-bunch feedback, etc., is also under development. In this paper, we describe the code status and give several simulation results from CETA and CETASim to show how these codes work.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 871072

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS033

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS035

Harpy: A Fast, Simple and Accurate Harmonic Analysis with Error Propagation

2326

L. Malina
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Traditionally, in the accelerator physics field, accurate harmonic analysis has been performed by iteratively interpolating the result of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in the frequency domain. Such an approach becomes computationally demanding when relatively small effects are being studied, which is especially evident in the typical example of harmonic analysis of turn-by-turn beam position monitor data, i.e. many correlated but noisy signals. A new harmonic analysis algorithm, called Harpy, is about an order of magnitude faster than other methods, while often being also more accurate. Harpy combines standard techniques such as zero-padded FFT and noise-cleaning based on singular value decomposition. This combination also allows estimating errors of phases and amplitudes of beam-related harmonics calculated from cleaned data.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS035

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS036

Accelerating Linear Beam Dynamics Simulations for Machine Learning Applications

2330

O. Stein, I.V. Agapov, A. Eichler, J. Kaiser
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Machine learning has proven to be a powerful tool with many applications in the field of accelerator physics. Training machine learning models is a highly iterative process that requires large numbers of samples. However, beam time is often limited and many of the available simulation frameworks are not optimized for fast computation. As a result, training complex models can be infeasible. In this contribution, we introduce Cheetah, a linear beam dynamics framework optimized for fast computations. We show that Cheetah outperforms existing simulation codes in terms of speed and furthermore demonstrate the application of Cheetah to a reinforcement-learning problem as well as the successful transfer of the Cheetah-trained model to the real world. We anticipate that Cheetah will allow for faster development of more capable machine learning solutions in the field, one day enabling the development of autonomous accelerators.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS036

About •

Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS039

Analysis of Xcos Simulation Model for Intensity at Third and Fifth Harmonics Undulator Radiation

2338

H. Jeevakhan
NITTTR, Bhopal, India
K. Kushwaha, M. Syed
RGPV, Bhopal, India
G. Mishra
Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India

Xcos simulation model is analysed for the intensity of planar undulator radiation at the third and fifth harmonics. The Xcos model is designed by using the numerical approach. The results obtained from the simulation model are compared with the analytical method. The model can also be utilized for observing the effect of energy spread on radiation by numerical approach. An algorithm for analysing the effect of energy spread is also presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS039

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS042

The HOMEN Model: An Estimator of High Order Modes Evolution in an Energy Recovery Linac

2342

S. Samsam, A. Bacci, V. Petrillo, M. Rossetti Conti, A.R. Rossi, M. Ruijter, L. Serafini
INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy
A. Bosotti, R. Paparella, D. Sertore
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
M.R. Masullo, A. Passarelli
INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
M. Opromolla
Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy

Energy recovery linacs represent the new frontier of energy sustainability in the field of particle accelerators while providing remarkable performance in terms of high average current and average brightness. Operating superconducting radio-frequency cavities in continuous wave makes high repetition rates (GHz-class) affordable and allows the construction of light sources such as FEL or Compton based characterized by high flux. \ This study originates in the context of the design study of BriXSinO, an ERL based on the two-pass two-way scheme à la Maury Tigner in which the cavities are traveled by the beam in both directions, the first time in the accelerating phase and the second time in the decelerating phase. HOMEN was conceived as a model to simulate the evolution of high order modes on long time scales in high Q cavities of machines of this kind and monitor their effects on the beam.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS042

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS043

UFO, a GPU Code Tailored Toward MBA Lattice Optimization

2346

M. Carlà, M. Canals
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

The complexity of multi-bend achromatic optics is such that computational tools performance has become a dominant factor in the design process a last generation synchrotron light source. To relieve the problem a new code (UFO) tailored toward performance was developed to assist the design of the ALBA-II optics. Two main strategies contribute to the performance of UFO: the execution flow follows a data parallel paradigm, well suited for GPU execution; the use of a just-in-time compiler allows to simplify the computation whenever the lattice allows for it. At the core of UFO lies a parallel tracking routine structured for parallel simulation of optics which differs in some parameters, such as magnet strength or alignment, but retains the same element order, reflecting the scenario found in optimization processes, or when dealing with magnetic or alignment errors. Such an approach allows to take advantage of GPUs which yield the best performance when running thousands of parallel threads. Moreover UFO is not limited to tracking. A few modules that rely on the same tracking routine allow for the fast computation of dynamic and momentum aperture, closed orbit and linear optics.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS043

About •

Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 19 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS046

Machine Learning-Based Modeling of Muon Beam Ionization Cooling

2354

E. Fol, D. Schulte
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
C.T. Rogers
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Surrogate modeling can lead to significant improvements of beam dynamics simulations in terms of computational time and resources. Application of supervised machine learning, using collected simulation data allows to build surrogate models which can estimate beam parameters evolution based on the provided cooling channel design. The created models help to understand the correlations between different lattice components and the importance of specific beam properties for the cooling performance. We present the application of surrogate modeling to enhance final muon cooling design studies, demonstrating the potential of such approach to be integrated into the design and optimization of other components of future colliders.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS046

About •

Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 28 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 July 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS047

Automated Design and Optimization of the Final Cooling for a Muon Collider

2358

E. Fol, D. Schulte, B. Stechauner
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
C.T. Rogers
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
J. Schieck
HEPHY, Wien, Austria

The desired beam emittance for a Muon collider is several orders of magnitude less than the one of the muon beams produced at the front-end target. Ionization cooling has been demonstrated as a suitable technique for the reduction of the muon beam emittance. Final cooling, as one of the most critical stages of the muon collider complex, necessitates careful design and optimization in order to control the beam dynamics and ensure efficient emittance reduction. We present an optimization framework based on ICool simulation code and application of different optimization algorithms, to automatize the choice of optimal initial muon beam parameters and simultaneous tuning of numerous final cooling components.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS047

About •

Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS048

A Flexible Online Optimizer for SPS

2362

T. Pulampong, N. Suradet
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Siam Photon Source (SPS) machine in Thailand has been operating for more than two decades with limited diagnostic systems. It is very challenging to efficiently tune and operate the machine. With online optimization, only variables and objectives are required to tune for better solutions. It this work, a flexible optimizer was developed. Objectives and variables can be freely defined based on available hardware in the form of Process Variables (PVs). Several multi-objective and Robust Conjugated Direction Search (RCDS) algorithms are provided. The online optimizer was tested on the SPS machine to improved the injection efficiency. Due to its flexibility, the optimizer can also be used for other systems.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS048

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS049

ESS RFQ Electromagnetic Simulations Using CST Studio Suite

2365

E. Trachanas, A. Bignami, N. Gazis, B. Jones, R. Zeng
ESS, Lund, Sweden
G. Fikioris, E.N. Gazis, A. Kladas
National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
P. Hamel, O. Piquet
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) of the European Spallation Source (ESS), operates at 352.21 MHz with an RF pulse length of 3.2 ms and repetition rate of 14 Hz. The RFQ focuses, bunches and accelerates the 62.5 mA proton beam from 75 keV up to 3.6 MeV. In an effort to study and compare the results from 3D electromagnetic codes, different models of the RFQ were simulated with CST Studio suite. This paper presents the selection of optimal parameters for simulation of the RFQ cavity voltage and comparison of the results with the RFQ design code Toutatis.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS049

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS053

Using Taylor Maps with Synchrotron Radiation Effects Included

2376

D. Sagan, G.H. Hoffstaetter
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
P. Nishikawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: DOE
Routinely, particle tracking in accelerators is done either by tracking element-by-element which is slow, or by using a transfer map that does not take into account radiation effects. However, there is a fairly straight forward way for constructing Taylor maps that do have radiation effects included. This paper shows how, by partial map inversion, non-symplectic effects due to the finite truncation of the Taylor series can be eliminated. This enables tracking simulations to use maps of lower order than what would otherwise be necessary leading to a speedup of the simulation.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS053

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 21 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 23 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS055

Cathode Space Charge in Bmad

2380

N. Wang
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
J.A. Crittenden, C.M. Gulliford, G.H. Hoffstaetter, D. Sagan
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
C.E. Mayes
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This project was supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We present an implementation of charged particle tracking with the cathode space charge effect included which is now openly available in the Bmad toolkit for charged particle simulations. Adaptive step size control is incorporated to improve the computational efficiency. We demonstrate its capability with a simulation of a DC gun and compare it with the well-established space charge code Impact-T.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS055

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOMS056

Spin Matching and Monte-Carlo Simulation of Radiative Spin Depolarization in e⁺e⁻ Storage Rings with Bmad

2383

O. Beznosov, J.A. Ellison, K.A. Heinemann
UNM-MATH, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
D.P. Barber
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
J.A. Crittenden, G.H. Hoffstaetter, D. Sagan
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Award Numbers DE-SC0018008 and DE-SC0018370.
The Bmad/Tao software toolkit has been extended to estimate the rate of radiative spin depolarization in e⁺/e⁻ storage rings. First estimates are made using the SLIM algorithm of linearized spin-orbit motion. The extension implements the effects on s-o motion of stochastic photon emission using a Monte-Carlo tracking algorithm. Spins are tracked in 3-D along particle trajectories with the aid of Taylor expansions of quaternions provided by PTC*. The efficiency of long-term tracking is guarantied by the use of a sectioning technique that was exploited in previous-generation software**. Sectioning is the construction of the deterministic s-o maps for sections between the dipoles during the initialization phase. Maps can be reused during the tracking. In a simulation for a realistic storage ring, the computational cost of initial map construction is amortized by the multi-turn tracking computational cost. The use of 1st-order terms in the quaternion expansions to construct the s-o coupling matrices in the matrices of the SLIM algorithm. These matrices are then available for an extension of the optimization facilities in Bmad to minimize depolarizing effects by spin matching.
*SLICKTRACK and SITROS
** Polymorphic Tracking Code by Etienne Forest

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOMS056

About •

Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 16 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)