MC6: Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback and Operational Aspects
T18: Radiation Monitoring and Safety
Paper Title Page
MOPOMS039 Study of Material Choice in Beam Dumps for Energetic Electron Beams 721
 
  • D. Zhu, R.T. Dowd, Y.E. Tan
    AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia
 
  Lead is typically used as the initial target in a design for beam dumps for high energy electron beams (>20 MeV). Electron beams with energies above 20 MeV are usually built within concrete bunkers and therefore the design of any beam dump would just be a lead block (very cost effective) as close to the electron source as possible, after a vacuum flange of some sort. In a study of a hypothetical 100 MeV electron beam inside a concrete bunker with an extremely low dose rate constraint outside the bunker, the thickness of lead required would have been too restrictive for a compact design. In this study we investigate the potential benefits of designs that incorpo-rate low Z materials like graphite as the primary target material in vacuum followed by progressively higher Z materials up to lead. The results show the more diffuse elastic scattering from the primary target reduces the back scattered photons and reduces the overall neutron genera-tion. The effect was a more compact design for the beam dump to meet the same dose rate constraint.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS039  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 June 2022
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MOPOMS040 Radiation Shielding Design for the X-Band Laboratory for Radio-Frequency Test Facility - X-Lab - at the University of Melbourne 724
 
  • M. Volpi, R.P. Rassool, S.L. Sheehy, G. Taylor, S.D. Williams
    The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • D. Banon-Caballero
    IFIC, Valencia, Spain
  • M. Boronat, N. Catalán Lasheras
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • R.T. Dowd
    AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia
  • S.L. Sheehy
    ANSTO, Kirrawee DC New South Wales, Australia
 
  Here we report radiation dose estimates calculated for the X-band Laboratory for Accelerators and Beams (X-LAB) under construction at the University of Melbourne (UoM). The lab will host a CERN X-band test stand containing two 12 GHz 6 MW klystron amplifiers. By power combination through hybrid couplers and the use of pulse compressors, up to 50 MW of peak power can be sent to any of to either of the two test slots at pulse repetition rates up to 400 Hz. The test stand is dedicated to RF conditioning and testing CLIC’s high gradient accelerating structures beyond 100 MV/m. This paper also gives a brief overview of the general principles of radiation protection legislation; explains radiological quantities and units, including some basic facts about radioactivity and the biological effects of radiation; and gives an overview of the classification of radiological areas at X-LAB, radiation fields at high-energy accelerators, and the radiation monitoring system used at X-LAB. The bunker design to achieve a dose rate less than annual dose limit of 1 mSv is also shown.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS040  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 June 2022
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MOPOMS041 Concrete Shielding Activation for Proton Therapy Systems Using BDSIM and FISPACT-II 728
SUSPMF096   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • E. Ramoisiaux, E. Gnacadja, C. Hernalsteens, N. Pauly, R. Tesse, M. Vanwelde
    ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
  • C. Hernalsteens
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • F. Stichelbaut
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
 
  Proton therapy systems are used worldwide for patient treatment and fundamental research. The generation of secondary particles when the beam interacts with the beamline elements is a well-known issue. In particular, the energy degrader is the dominant source of secondary radiation. This poses new challenges for the concrete shielding of compact systems and beamline elements activation computation. We use a novel methodology to seamlessly simulate all the processes relevant to the activation evaluation. A realistic model of the system is developed using Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM), a Geant4-based particle tracking code that allows a single model to simulate primary and secondary particle tracking and all particle-matter interactions. The secondary particle fluxes extracted from the simulations are provided as input to FISPACT-II to compute the activation by solving the rate equations. This approach is applied to the Ion Beam Applications (IBA) Proteus®ONE (P1) system and the shielding of the proton therapy research centre of Charleroi, Belgium. Proton loss distributions are used to model the production of secondary neutrals inside the accelerator structure. Two models for the distribution of proton losses are compared for the computation of the clearance index at specific locations of the design. Results show that the variation in the accelerator loss models can be characterised as a systematic error.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS041  
About • Received ※ 19 May 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
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MOPOMS042 Comparison Between Run 2 TID Measurements and FLUKA Simulations in the CERN LHC Tunnel of the Atlas Insertion Region 732
 
  • D. Prelipcean, K. Biłko, F. Cerutti, A. Ciccotelli, D. Di Francesca, R. García Alía, B. Humann, G. Lerner, D. Ricci, M. Sabaté-Gilarte
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • B. Humann
    TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
 
  In this paper we present a systematic benchmark between the simulated and the measured data for the radiation monitors useful for Radiation to Electronics (R2E) studies at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. For this purpose, the radiation levels in the main LHC tunnel on the right side of the Interaction Point 1 (ATLAS detector) are simulated using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code and compared against Total Ionising Dose (TID) measurements performed with the Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system, and 180 m of Distributed Optical Fibre Radiation Sensor (DOFRS). Considering the complexity and the scale of the simulations as well as the variety of the LHC operational parameters, we find a generally good agreement between measured and simulated radiation levels, typically within a factor of 2 or better.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS042  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 23 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 July 2022
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MOPOMS043 Automated Analysis of the Prompt Radiation Levels in the CERN Accelerator Complex 736
 
  • K. Biłko, R. García Alía, J.B. Potoine
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The CERN injector complex is essential in providing high-energy beams to various experiments and to the world’s largest accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Beam losses linked to its operation result in a mixed radiation field which, through both cumulative and single-event effects poses a threat to the electronic equipment exposed in the tunnel. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the radiation distribution and evolution is necessary in order to implement adequate Radiation to Electronics mitigation and prevention measures, resulting in an improvement of the accelerator efficiency and availability. In this study, we present the automated analysis scheme put in place to efficiently process and visualise the radiation data produced by various radiation monitors, distributed at the four largest CERN accelerators, namely the Proton Synchrotron Booster, Proton Synchrotron, Super Proton Synchrotron, and the LHC, where a proton beam is accelerated gradually from 160 MeV up to 7 TeV.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS043  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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MOPOMS044 Implications and Mitigation of Radiation Effects on the CERN SPS Operation during 2021 740
 
  • Y.Q. Aguiar, A. Apollonio, K. Biłko, M. Brucoli, M. Cecchetto, S. Danzeca, R. García Alía, T. Ladzinski, G. Lerner, J.B. Potoine, A. Zimmaro
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019-2020), the CERN accelerator complex has undergone major upgrades, mainly in preparation for the High-Luminosity (HL) LHC era, the ultimate capacity for its physics production. Therefore, several novel equipment and systems were designed and deployed throughout the accelerator complex. To comply with the radiation level specifications and avoid machine downtime due to radiation effects, the electronics systems exposed to radiation need to follow Radiation Hardness Assurance (RHA) methodologies developed and validated by the Radiation to Electronics (R2E) project at CERN. However, the establishment of such procedures is not yet fully implemented in the LHC injector chain, and some R2E failures were detected in the SPS during the 2021 operation. This work is devoted to describing and analysing the R2E failures and their impact on operation, in the context of the related radiation levels and equipment sensitivity.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS044  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 21 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 July 2022
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TUOXGD2 Wireless IoT in Particle Accelerators: A Proof of Concept with the IoT Radiation Monitor at CERN 772
 
  • S. Danzeca, A.J. Cass, A. Masi, R. Sierra, A. Zimmaro
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
 
  The Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem of web-enabled "smart devices" that integrates sensors and communication hardware to collect, send and act on data acquired from the surrounding environment. Use of the IoT in particle accelerators is not new, with accelerator systems long having been connected to the network to retrieve, send and analyse data. What has been missing is the IoT concept of "smart devices" and above all wireless connectivity. We report here on the advantages of using a particular IoT technology, LoRa, for the deployment of wireless radiation monitors within the CERN particle accelerator complex. IoT Radiation Monitors have been developed as a result of growing demand for radiation measurements where standard infrastructure is not available. As a radiation-tolerant device, the IoT Radiation Monitor is a powerful "eye" for observing the real-time radiation levels in the CERN accelerators. We describe here the technologies used for the project and the various advantages their deployment offers in a particle accelerator environment. This opens up the possibility for the deployment of heterogeneous implementations that would otherwise have been impractical.  
slides icon Slides TUOXGD2 [5.797 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUOXGD2  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
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