IPAC2022 - Classification: MC4: Hadron Accelerators / T01: Proton and Ion Sources

Paper	Title	Page
WEPOTK016	Studies of ECR Plasmas and Materials Modification Using Low Energy Ion Beam Facility at IUAC	2074
SUSPMF046	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	P. Tripathi, P. Kumar, S.K. Singh IUAC, New Delhi, India
	The ECR ion sources are widely used to produce high intensities of highly charged positive ions. To increase their performance further, several techniques are employed. The addition of a lighter gas into the main plasma (so-called gas mixing) shows a substantial effect on the charge state distribution of highly charged ions. Although many theoretical models were used to explain this gas mixing effect, yet it is not fully understood. The low energy ion beam facility (LEIBF) at Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, India, which comprises a 10 GHz all-permanent magnet NANOGAN ECR source placed on a high voltage platform (400kV) has been used to develop several plasmas for the physical understanding of ions production and their confinement in a strong magnetic field. Further, the LEIBF allows us to extract ion beams from the plasma in the energy range of a few keV to tens of MeV for novel ion-matter interaction experiments. In this paper, the charge state distribution studies (relevant to gas mixing effect) of various atomic species at optimized ion source tuning parameters along with some interesting results on materials synthesis/modification using ion beams is presented. A. G. Drentje, Review of Scientific Instruments 74, 2631 (2003)/ **P. Kumar et al., Pramana 59(5):805-809(2002)/
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK016
About •	Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK017	An Efficient H^-/ D^- Extraction in Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) Ion Sources	2078
	V. Variale INFN-Bari, Bari, Italy M. Cavenago INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	Funding: INFN, DTT The negative ion source development has reached performances very close to those required by the ITER project; see for example the test facility ELISE results. A main residual problem seems to be the great amount of co-extracted electrons in the top part of the source. The introduction of a magnetic filter to remove the electrons from the extraction zone of the source causes ExB particle drifts (or shifts) which move both ions and electrons towards the top (or bottom depending on the B direction); in the top part the electron concentration and extracted current increase and that limits the extracted ion amount. In this contribution, as a possible solution, the application of a Planar Ion Funnel (PIF) extraction electric field configuration* on the source exit is proposed. The electric field line shape of PIF configuration, not only should break the perpendicularity between the magnetic filter B and the extraction electric field E in such a way to prevents the ExB particle drifts, but also should give a more efficient field shape for the H-/D- extraction. Preliminary simulations of D- and e^- trajectories are presented to confirm the efficiency of the PIF system. * B. Heinemann et al., Fusion Engineering and design (2021). ** A. Chaudhary et al., Rev. Sci. 85, 105101 (2014).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK017
About •	Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK019	Status of the Laser Ion Source Upgrade (LION2) at BNL	2087
	T. Kanesue, B.D. Coe, S. Ikeda, S.A. Kondrashev, C.J. Liaw, M. Okamura, R.H. Olsen, T. Rodowicz, R. Schoepfer, L. Smart, D. Weiss, Y. Zhang BNL, Upton, New York, USA A. Cannavò NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A laser ion source (LION) at Brookhaven National Labor-atory (BNL) has been operational since 2014 to provide low charge state heavy ions of various species for Rela-tivistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). Pulsed ion beams (100~300 µs) with beam current ranging from 100 µA to 1 mA from any solid-state targets can be supplied without memory effect of previous beams at pulse-by-pulse basis. LION is an essential device for the operation of a galactic cosmic ray simulator at NSRL together with high-performance beams for RHIC. Because the importance of LION has been widely recognized, an upgraded version of LION, which is called LION2, is being developed for improved performance and reliability. The design and status of the LION2 will be shown.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK019
About •	Received ※ 15 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK020	Slanted Beam Extraction on Laser Ion Source	2090
	M. Okamura, S. Ikeda, T. Kanesue, S.A. Kondrashev BNL, Upton, New York, USA A. Cannavò NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
	Funding: US DOE, Office of Science, under contract DE-SC0012704. Laser ion sources generate plasma and supply ions by focusing energy by light onto a solid surface. The ionization is achieved during the pulsed laser irradiation period. Then the plasma expands vertically from the target surface as it moves forward. Usually, this drift distance is chosen from tens of centimeters to several meters. Once the required pulse width and plasma density are met, an extraction electric field is applied. In most cases, this electric field is set in the same direction as the direction of the plasma. In this study, we experimentally verify how performance is achieved when the direction of the extraction field is at an angle to the direction of motion of the plasma. If the extraction field can be slanted without degradation of the ion source performance, it is considered to be able to shield neutral vapors and debris generated simultaneously with the plasma, which will be advantageous for the long-term operation of the laser ion source.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK020
About •	Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

WEPOTK016

Studies of ECR Plasmas and Materials Modification Using Low Energy Ion Beam Facility at IUAC

2074

SUSPMF046

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

P. Tripathi, P. Kumar, S.K. Singh
IUAC, New Delhi, India

The ECR ion sources are widely used to produce high intensities of highly charged positive ions*. To increase their performance further, several techniques are employed. The addition of a lighter gas into the main plasma (so-called gas mixing) shows a substantial effect on the charge state distribution of highly charged ions. Although many theoretical models were used to explain this gas mixing effect, yet it is not fully understood. The low energy ion beam facility (LEIBF) at Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, India, which comprises a 10 GHz all-permanent magnet NANOGAN ECR source placed on a high voltage platform (400kV) has been used to develop several plasmas for the physical understanding of ions production and their confinement in a strong magnetic field**. Further, the LEIBF allows us to extract ion beams from the plasma in the energy range of a few keV to tens of MeV for novel ion-matter interaction experiments. In this paper, the charge state distribution studies (relevant to gas mixing effect) of various atomic species at optimized ion source tuning parameters along with some interesting results on materials synthesis/modification using ion beams is presented.
*A. G. Drentje, Review of Scientific Instruments 74, 2631 (2003)/ **P. Kumar et al., Pramana 59(5):805-809(2002)/

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK016

About •

Received ※ 31 May 2022 — Revised ※ 15 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK017

An Efficient H^-/ D^- Extraction in Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) Ion Sources

2078

V. Variale
INFN-Bari, Bari, Italy
M. Cavenago
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

Funding: INFN, DTT
The negative ion source development has reached performances very close to those required by the ITER project; see for example the test facility ELISE results*. A main residual problem seems to be the great amount of co-extracted electrons in the top part of the source. The introduction of a magnetic filter to remove the electrons from the extraction zone of the source causes ExB particle drifts (or shifts) which move both ions and electrons towards the top (or bottom depending on the B direction); in the top part the electron concentration and extracted current increase and that limits the extracted ion amount. In this contribution, as a possible solution, the application of a Planar Ion Funnel (PIF) extraction electric field configuration** on the source exit is proposed. The electric field line shape of PIF configuration, not only should break the perpendicularity between the magnetic filter B and the extraction electric field E in such a way to prevents the ExB particle drifts, but also should give a more efficient field shape for the H-/D- extraction. Preliminary simulations of D- and e^- trajectories are presented to confirm the efficiency of the PIF system.
* B. Heinemann et al., Fusion Engineering and design (2021).
** A. Chaudhary et al., Rev. Sci. 85, 105101 (2014).

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK017

About •

Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 10 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK019

Status of the Laser Ion Source Upgrade (LION2) at BNL

2087

T. Kanesue, B.D. Coe, S. Ikeda, S.A. Kondrashev, C.J. Liaw, M. Okamura, R.H. Olsen, T. Rodowicz, R. Schoepfer, L. Smart, D. Weiss, Y. Zhang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
A. Cannavò
NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
A laser ion source (LION) at Brookhaven National Labor-atory (BNL) has been operational since 2014 to provide low charge state heavy ions of various species for Rela-tivistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). Pulsed ion beams (100~300 µs) with beam current ranging from 100 µA to 1 mA from any solid-state targets can be supplied without memory effect of previous beams at pulse-by-pulse basis. LION is an essential device for the operation of a galactic cosmic ray simulator at NSRL together with high-performance beams for RHIC. Because the importance of LION has been widely recognized, an upgraded version of LION, which is called LION2, is being developed for improved performance and reliability. The design and status of the LION2 will be shown.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK019

About •

Received ※ 15 June 2022 — Revised ※ 12 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 17 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOTK020

Slanted Beam Extraction on Laser Ion Source

2090

M. Okamura, S. Ikeda, T. Kanesue, S.A. Kondrashev
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
A. Cannavò
NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic

Funding: US DOE, Office of Science, under contract DE-SC0012704.
Laser ion sources generate plasma and supply ions by focusing energy by light onto a solid surface. The ionization is achieved during the pulsed laser irradiation period. Then the plasma expands vertically from the target surface as it moves forward. Usually, this drift distance is chosen from tens of centimeters to several meters. Once the required pulse width and plasma density are met, an extraction electric field is applied. In most cases, this electric field is set in the same direction as the direction of the plasma. In this study, we experimentally verify how performance is achieved when the direction of the extraction field is at an angle to the direction of motion of the plasma. If the extraction field can be slanted without degradation of the ion source performance, it is considered to be able to shield neutral vapors and debris generated simultaneously with the plasma, which will be advantageous for the long-term operation of the laser ion source.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOTK020

About •

Received ※ 09 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)