Author: Alesini, D.
Paper Title Page
MOPOMS019 The New SPARC_LAB RF Photo-Injector 671
 
  • D. Alesini, M.P. Anania, M. Bellaveglia, A. Biagioni, F. Cardelli, G. Costa, M. Del Franco, G. Di Pirro, L. Faillace, M. Ferrario, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, A. Giribono, L. Piersanti, L. Sabbatini, A. Stella, A. Vannozzi
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • A. Battisti, E. Chiadroni, G. Di Raddo, A. Liedl, V.L. Lollo, L. Pellegrino, R. Pompili, S. Romeo, V. Shpakov, C. Vaccarezza, F. Villa
    LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
  • M. Carillo, E. Chiadroni
    Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • A. Cianchi, M. Galletti
    Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
 
  A new RF photo-injector has been designed, realized and successfully installed at the SPARC_LAB facility (INFN-LNF, Frascati, Rome). It is based on a 1.6 cell RF gun fabricated with the new brazing free technology recently developed at the National Laboratories of Frascati. The electromagnetic design has been optimized to have a full compensation of the dipole and quadrupole field components introduced by the coupling hole with an improvement of the effective pumping speed with two added pumping ports. The gun is overcoupled (\beta=2) to reduce the filling time and to allow the operation with short RF pulses. The overall injector integrates a new solenoid with a remote control of the transverse position and a variable skew quadrupole for the compensation of residual quadrupole field components. It also allows an on axis laser injection system with the last mirror in air, and the possibility of a future integration of an X/C band cavity linearizer. In the paper we report the main characteristics of the electromagnetic and mechanical design and the low and high power test results that shows the extremely good perfomances of the new device.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS019  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 June 2022
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MOPOMS020 Dark Current Studies for a High Gradient SW C-Band RF Gun 675
 
  • F. Cardelli, D. Alesini, L. Faillace, A. Giribono, A. Vannozzi
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • G. Di Raddo
    LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
  • T.G. Lucas
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
 
  It is now well-established that for the generation of very high brightness beams, required for fourth generation light sources, it is highly advantageous to use injectors based on Radiofrequency photo-guns with very high peak electric fields on the cathode (>120 MV/m). This very high surface electric field leads to the generation of undesirable electrons due to the field emission effect. The emitted electrons can be captured and propagate along the Linac forming a dark current beam, leading to background radiation that can damage the instrumentation and radioactivate components. Consequently, it is important that the emission of these electrons, and their subsequent transportation, is carefully evaluated. Recently, in the framework of the I-FAST project, a high gradient, standing wave, C-band (5712 MHz) RF photogun has been designed and will be realized soon. In this paper, the results of dark current studies and simulations are illustrated. The transport efficiency and the spectrum of the dark current have been evaluated by Particle-In-Cell simulations for different cathode peak field values considering also the effect of the focusing solenoid on the dark current beam.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS020  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 09 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2022
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MOPOMS021 The New C Band Gun for the Next Generation RF Photo-Injectors 679
 
  • D. Alesini, M. Ferrario, A. Giribono, A. Gizzi, L. Piersanti, A. Vannozzi
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • F. Cardelli, G. Di Raddo, L. Faillace, S. Lauciani, A. Liedl, L. Pellegrino, C. Vaccarezza
    LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
  • G. Castorina
    AVO-ADAM, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • M. Croia
    ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy
  • L. Ficcadenti
    INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy
  • G. Pedrocchi
    SBAI, Roma, Italy
 
  Funding: European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under GA No 101004730 and INFN Commission V.
RF photo-injectors are widely used in modern facilities, especially in FEL, as very low-emittance and high-brightness electron sources. Presently, the RF technology mostly used for RF guns is the S band (3 GHz) with typical cathode peak fields of 80-120 MV/m and repetition rates lower than 120 Hz. There are solid reasons to believe that the frequency step-up from S band to C band (6 GHz) can provide a strong improvement of the beam quality due to the potential higher achievable cathode field (>160 MV/m) and higher repetition rate (that can reach the kHz level). In the contest of the European I.FAST project, a new C band gun has been designed and will be realized and tested. It is a 2.5 cell standing wave cavity with a four port mode launcher, designed to operate with short RF pulses (<300 ns) and cathode peak field larger than 160 MV/m. In the paper we present the electromagnetic and thermo-mechanical design and the results of the prototyping activity and rf measurements.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOMS021  
About • Received ※ 07 June 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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TUPOPT061 Status and Commissioning of the First X-Band RF Source of the TEX Facility 1148
 
  • F. Cardelli, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bini, M. Ceccarelli, C. Di Giulio, A. Falone, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, L. Piersanti, L. Sabbatini
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • B. Buonomo, G. Catuscelli, R. Ceccarelli, A. Cecchinelli, R. Clementi, E. Di Pasquale, A. Liedl, D. Moriggi, G. Piermarini, S. Pioli, S. Quaglia, L.A. Rossi, M. Scampati, G. Scarselletta, S. Strabioli, S. Tocci, R. Zarlenga
    LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
 
  In 2021 started the commissioning of the TEX (Test stand for X-band) facility at the Frascati National laboratories of INFN. This facility has been founded in the framework of the LATINO (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) project. The current facility layout includes an high power X-band (11.994 GHz) RF source, realized in collaboration with CERN, which will be used for validation and development of the X-band RF high gradient technology in view of the EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project. The RF source is based on a CPI VKX8311 Klystron and a solid state ScandiNova k400 modulator to generate a maximum RF output power of 50 MW at 50 Hz, that will be mainly used for accelerating structure conditioning and waveguide components testing. In this paper the layout, the installation, commissioning and stability measurements of this source are described in detail. The test stand will be soon operative and ready to test the first X-band accelerating structure prototype.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOPT061  
About • Received ※ 08 June 2022 — Revised ※ 11 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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THPOTK054 Proposal of a VHEE Linac for FLASH Radiotherapy 2903
SUSPMF120   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • L. Giuliano, F. Bosco, M. Carillo, D. De Arcangelis, A. De Gregorio, L. Ficcadenti, D. Francescone, G. Franciosini, M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo, V. Patera, A. Sarti
    Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • D. Alesini, A. Gallo, A. Vannozzi
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • M. Behtouei, L. Faillace, B. Spataro
    LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
  • M.G. Bisogni, F. Di Martino, J.H. Pensavalle
    INFN-Pisa, Pisa, Italy
  • G.A.P. Cirrone, G. Cuttone, G. Torrisi
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • V. Favaudon, A. Patriarca
    Institut Curie - Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Orsay, France
  • S. Heinrich
    Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
 
  Translation of electron FLASH radiotherapy in clinical practice requires the use of high energy accelerators to treat deep tumours and Very High Electron Energy (VHEE) could represent a valid technique to achieve this goal. In this sce- nario, a VHEE FLASH linac is under study at the University La Sapienza of Rome (Italy) in collaboration with the Italian Institute for Nuclear Research (INFN) and the Curie Insti- tute (France). Here we present the preliminary results of a compact C-band system aiming to reach an high accelerating gradient and an high pulse current necessary to deliver high dose per pulse and ultra-high dose rate required for FLASH effect. We propose a system composed of a low energy high current injector linac followed by a modular section of high accelerating gradient structures. CST code is used to define the required LINAC’s RF parameters and beam dynamics simulations are performed using T-Step, ASTRA and GPT tracking codes.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOTK054  
About • Received ※ 17 May 2022 — Revised ※ 14 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 July 2022
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TUPOST015 Commissioning and First Results of an X-Band LLRF System for TEX Test Facility at LNF-INFN 876
 
  • L. Piersanti, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bini, B. Buonomo, F. Cardelli, C. Di Giulio, E. Di Pasquale, M. Diomede, L. Faillace, A. Falone, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, G. Giannetti, A. Liedl, D. Moriggi, S. Pioli, S. Quaglia, L. Sabbatini, M. Scampati, G. Scarselletta, A. Stella, S. Tocci, L. Zelinotti
    LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
 
  Funding: Latino is a project co-funded by Regione Lazio within POR-FESR 2014-2020 program
In the framework of LATINO project (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) funded by Lazio regional government, the commissioning of the TEst stand for X-band (TEX) facility has started in 2021 at Frascati National Laboratories of INFN. Born as a collaboration with CERN to test high gradient accelerating structures, during 2022 TEX aims at feeding the first EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB X-band structure prototype. During 2021 the commissioning has been successfully carried out up to 48 MW. The power unit is driven by an X-band low level RF system, that employs a commercial S-band (2.856 GHz) Libera digital LLRF (manufactured by Instrumentation Technologies), with an up/down conversion stage and a reference generation and distribution system able to produce coherent frequencies for the American S-band and European X-band (11.994 GHz), both designed and realized at LNF. The performance of the system, with a particular focus on amplitude and phase resolution, together with klystron and driver amplifier jitter measurements, will be reviewed in this paper. Moreover, considerations on its suitability and main limitations in view of EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project will be discussed.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOST015  
About • Received ※ 20 May 2022 — Revised ※ 13 June 2022 — Accepted ※ 17 June 2022 — Issue date ※ 28 June 2022
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