JACoW is a publisher in Geneva, Switzerland that publishes the proceedings of accelerator conferences held around the world by an international collaboration of editors.
@inproceedings{trubnikov:ipac2022-wepopt003,
author = {G.V. Trubnikov and A.V. Butenko and S.A. Kostromin and V.A. Lebedev and I.N. Meshkov and A.V. Philippov and A.O. Sidorin and E. Syresin and A. Tuzikov},
% author = {G.V. Trubnikov and A.V. Butenko and S.A. Kostromin and V.A. Lebedev and I.N. Meshkov and A.V. Philippov and others},
% author = {G.V. Trubnikov and others},
title = {{Challenges of Low Energy Hadron Colliders}},
booktitle = {Proc. IPAC'22},
% booktitle = {Proc. 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC'22)},
pages = {1825--1828},
eid = {WEPOPT003},
language = {english},
keywords = {collider, electron, luminosity, emittance, operation},
venue = {Bangkok, Thailand},
series = {International Particle Accelerator Conference},
number = {13},
publisher = {JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland},
month = {07},
year = {2022},
issn = {2673-5490},
isbn = {978-3-95450-227-1},
doi = {10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOPT003},
url = {https://jacow.org/ipac2022/papers/wepopt003.pdf},
abstract = {{NICA collider complex is under construction at JINR. The initial configuration of the collider will perform collisions of fully stripped heavy ions, 209 Bi and others, for a study of phase transition in the quark-gluon plasma in the energy range 1/4.5 GeV/u per beam. Commissioning of the collider injection chain has been recently started. The complex includes 2 linacs, 2 Booster synchrotrons (Booster and Nuclotron to support the beam injection to the collider), and 2 collider rings of 503 m circumference. The design luminosity is ~10²⁷ 1/(cm*s) at 4.5 GeV/u. The heavy ions are generated in the ESIS-type ion source with intensity ~10 9 /pulse. Then they are accelerated into the linac and Booster and directed to stripping target. Next, fully stripped ions are accelerated in the Nuclotron and injected into Collider. The electron and stochastic cooling are used in each of the collider rings to support beam accumulation and to prevent the emittance growth due to intrabeam scattering. Three RF systems are used for longitudinal phase space manipulations. An achievement of design luminosity requires overcoming many technological and beam physics problems which are discussed in this paper.}},
}